Pharmacists in zoos? A qualitative study investigating the potential for pharmacist involvement in wildlife health care in Aotearoa, New Zealand.

BACKGROUND

The importance of wildlife health has been critically emphasized by the current global pandemic. Pharmacists play a valuable role in the health care of companion animals and livestock; however, their involvement in exotic animal health is largely unexplored.

OBJECTIVES

This project consulted with zoo vets in New Zealand and investigated their practices around prescribing and dispensing of medicines to explore the opportunities for the involvement of pharmacists.

METHODS

A mixed methods approach was used where data were initially collected through an online survey distributed to 26 veterinarians and animal keepers working in zoos, wildlife parks, and sanctuaries. An optional semistructured interview followed the survey.

RESULTS

The facilities surveyed housed New Zealand native animal species and 85% also housed exotic animals. Veterinarians dispensed 75% of medicines at their animal facility, whereas the remaining 25% were dispensed by veterinary nurses. On average, 5-10 medications were dispensed at each animal facility per day. Common medicines dispensed were antibiotics, pain relievers, and antifungals. Most respondents felt that they could benefit from working alongside pharmacists in veterinary care. Compounding, access to medicines and identification of tailored formulations were identified as areas where collaboration would be valued. Limitations in the knowledge of pharmacists in animal medicine were distinguished as an area enhancement to assist in collaborative relationships.

CONCLUSIONS

There are opportunities for the skills of pharmacists to be incorporated into the care of animals in zoos and wildlife parks in New Zealand. Strengthening the pharmacist-veterinarian relationship can enhance the health outcomes of animals in animal facilities through this interprofessional interaction.