Tao Chengyuan, Wang Zhe, Liu Shanshan, Lv Nana, Deng Xuhui, Xiong Wu, Shen Zongzhuan, Zhang Nan, Geisen Stefan, Li Rong, Shen Qirong, Kowalchuk George A
Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China.
New Phytol. 2023 May;238(3):1198-1214. doi: 10.1111/nph.18793. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
Host-associated fungi can help protect plants from pathogens, and empirical evidence suggests that such microorganisms can be manipulated by introducing probiotic to increase disease suppression. However, we still generally lack the mechanistic knowledge of what determines the success of probiotic application, hampering the development of reliable disease suppression strategies. We conducted a three-season consecutive microcosm experiment in which we amended banana Fusarium wilt disease-conducive soil with Trichoderma-amended biofertilizer or lacking this inoculum. High-throughput sequencing was complemented with cultivation-based methods to follow changes in fungal microbiome and explore potential links with plant health. Trichoderma application increased banana biomass by decreasing disease incidence by up to 72%, and this effect was attributed to changes in fungal microbiome, including the reduction in Fusarium oxysporum density and enrichment of pathogen-suppressing fungi (Humicola). These changes were accompanied by an expansion in microbial carbon resource utilization potential, features that contribute to disease suppression. We further demonstrated the disease suppression actions of Trichoderma-Humicola consortia, and results suggest niche overlap with pathogen and induction of plant systemic resistance may be mechanisms driving the observed biocontrol effects. Together, we demonstrate that fungal inoculants can modify the composition and functioning of the resident soil fungal microbiome to suppress soilborne disease.
与宿主相关的真菌可以帮助保护植物免受病原体侵害，经验证据表明，通过引入益生菌来操纵这类微生物可以增强病害抑制能力。然而，我们仍然普遍缺乏关于决定益生菌应用成功与否的机制知识，这阻碍了可靠病害抑制策略的发展。我们进行了一项为期三个季节的连续微观实验，用添加木霉菌的生物肥料或不添加该接种物来改良有利于香蕉枯萎病发生的土壤。高通量测序辅以基于培养的方法，以跟踪真菌微生物组的变化，并探索与植物健康的潜在联系。施用木霉菌使香蕉生物量增加，病害发生率降低了72%，这种效果归因于真菌微生物组的变化，包括尖孢镰刀菌密度的降低和抑制病原体真菌（腐质霉）的富集。这些变化伴随着微生物碳资源利用潜力的扩大，这些特征有助于病害抑制。我们进一步证明了木霉菌 - 腐质霉联合体的病害抑制作用，结果表明与病原体的生态位重叠和植物系统抗性的诱导可能是驱动观察到的生物防治效果的机制。我们共同证明，真菌接种剂可以改变土壤中常驻真菌微生物组的组成和功能，以抑制土传病害。
