Department of Environment, Research and Development, Anal Concept Limited, Elelenwo, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Department of Microbiology, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Feb 6;195(3):364. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-10970-y.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are mistakenly consumed by people through their diet, including food and water. The occurrence, source, and health hazards of 16 PAHs in 36 tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) and silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) samples from Okulu River, Nigeria were investigated in this study. The total PAH concentration ranged from 11.70-24.20 to 13.40-19.60 µg/kg, being statistically different between the two species. The values were higher than the European Commission limits of 12 µg/kg and within the World Health Organization limit of 20 µg/kg. The 16 PAHs were detected in both fish species. The diagnostic ratio revealed that petroleum, fossil fuel, and incomplete combustion of biomass wastes were the sources of PAHs in the fishes. Pearson's correlation showed that the PAHs can come from diverse sources. The non-carcinogenic risk quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) in both fish species were 1, an indication of no adverse health effects. Among the 9 PAHs that were used to calculate the HI, BaP and BgP accounted for 31% and 62%, respectively, for Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, and 25% and 69%, respectively, for Sarotherodon melanotheron. The carcinogenic hazard of the 7 PAHs assessed was within the acceptable range of 10-10. But the sum of the carcinogenic hazard was on the order of 10 in both species of fish, an indication of carcinogenic health effects. 79% and 75% of the total carcinogenic risk for Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Sarotherodon melanotheron, respectively, are from DaA and InP. The consumption of PAHs by residents of the study area and other population groups through fish foods from the studied river underlines the importance of checking PAHs in aquatic foods for health concerns on a frequent basis.
多环芳烃（PAHs）会被人们通过饮食摄入，包括食物和水。本研究调查了尼日利亚奥库卢河的 36 尾罗非鱼（Sarotherodon melanotheron）和银鲶（Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus）样本中 16 种 PAHs 的存在、来源和健康危害。总 PAH 浓度范围为 11.70-24.20 至 13.40-19.60 µg/kg，在两种物种之间存在统计学差异。这些值高于欧盟委员会规定的 12 µg/kg 和世界卫生组织规定的 20 µg/kg。这 16 种 PAHs 在两种鱼类中均有检出。诊断比值表明，石油、化石燃料和生物质废物不完全燃烧是鱼类中 PAHs 的来源。皮尔逊相关性表明，PAHs 可能来自多种来源。两种鱼类的非致癌风险商数（HQ）和危害指数（HI）均为 1，表明没有不良健康影响。在用于计算 HI 的 9 种 PAHs 中，BaP 和 BgP 分别占 Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus 的 31%和 62%，Sarotherodon melanotheron 分别占 25%和 69%。评估的 7 种 PAHs 的致癌危害处于可接受的 10-10 范围内。但两种鱼类的致癌总危害均在 10 左右，表明存在致癌健康影响。Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus 和 Sarotherodon melanotheron 的总致癌风险分别有 79%和 75%来自 DaA 和 InP。研究区域居民以及其他人群通过研究河流的鱼类食物摄入 PAHs，这强调了经常检查水生食品中 PAHs 以关注健康问题的重要性。
