Office of the Provost, George Washington University, Washington, DC.
JAMA Intern Med. 2023 Mar 1;183(3):255-260. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.6700.
In May 1949, Herman A. Barnett III, a 23-year-old Black veteran, applied to The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) in Galveston. His application occurred in the wake of Black student protests against the segregationist policies of The University of Texas and of judicial victories by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to eradicate racial inequalities in state-financed graduate and professional education. Barnett's application prompted the state to fund a medical school at the Texas State University for Negroes, the only time a state ever attempted to thwart desegregation by financing a separate Black medical school. Barnett was clearly qualified for admission to UTMB, and if the school rejected him, he had agreed to be a plaintiff in an NAACP lawsuit. Legal action was not necessary, however. In August 1949 Barnett was accepted into UTMB, thereby becoming the second African American person to desegregate a Southern medical school. Barnett was technically admitted on a contract basis as a student at the Texas State University for Negroes in Houston and was to have transferred there later. The Black medical school was never built and Barnett graduated from UTMB in 1953. This review analyzes the role that Barnett and Black civil rights activists played in the history of medical education in the US and the dismantlement of racially exclusionary policies in medical schools.
1949 年 5 月，23 岁的黑人老兵赫尔曼·A·巴内特三世（Herman A. Barnett III）向加尔维斯顿的德克萨斯大学医学分部（UTMB）提出申请。他的申请是在黑人学生抗议德克萨斯大学的种族隔离政策以及全国有色人种协进会（NAACP）通过司法胜利消除州立研究生和专业教育中的种族不平等之后提出的。巴内特的申请促使该州为德克萨斯州立大学的黑人分校（Texas State University for Negroes）提供医学院资金，这是该州唯一一次试图通过资助单独的黑人医学院来阻止种族融合。巴内特显然有资格进入 UTMB，如果学校拒绝他，他已同意成为 NAACP 诉讼的原告。然而，并不需要采取法律行动。1949 年 8 月，巴内特被 UTMB 录取，从而成为第二位使南方医学院实现非种族隔离的非裔美国人。巴内特实际上是作为休斯顿德克萨斯州立大学黑人分校的学生以合同方式被录取的，后来将转学到那里。黑人医学院从未建成，巴内特于 1953 年从 UTMB 毕业。这篇综述分析了巴内特和黑人民权活动家在美国医学教育史以及医学院中种族排斥政策的瓦解中所扮演的角色。
