Lovasik Brendan P, Rajdev Priya R, Kim Steven C, Srinivasan Jahnavi K, Ingram Walter L, Sayed Blayne A
From the *Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia and.
†Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Am Surg. 2020 Mar 1;86(3):213-219.
Grady Memorial Hospital is a pillar of public medical and surgical care in the Southeast. The evolution of this institution, both in its physical structure as well as its approach to patient care, mirrors the cultural and social changes that have occurred in the American South. Grady Memorial Hospital opened its doors in 1892 built in the heart of Atlanta's black community. With its separate and unequal facilities and services for black and white patients, the concept of "the Gradies" was born. Virtually, every aspect of care at Grady continued to be segregated by race until the mid-20th century. In 1958, the opening of the "New Grady" further cemented this legacy of the separate "Gradies," with patients segregated by hospital wing. By the 1960s, civil rights activists brought change to Atlanta. The Atlanta Student Movement, with the support of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., led protests outside of Grady, and a series of judicial and legislative rulings integrated medical boards and public hospitals. Eventually, the desegregation of Grady occurred with a quiet memo that belied years of struggle: on June 1, 1965, a memo from hospital superintendent Bill Pinkston read "All phases of the hospital are on a non-racial basis, effective today." The future of Grady is deeply rooted in its past, and Grady's mission is unchanged from its inception in 1892: "It will nurse the poor and rich alike and will be an asylum for black and white."
格雷迪纪念医院是美国东南部公共医疗和外科护理的支柱。该机构的发展，无论是其物理结构还是患者护理方式，都反映了美国南部发生的文化和社会变革。格雷迪纪念医院于1892年开业，建在亚特兰大黑人社区的中心。由于为黑人和白人患者提供了单独且不平等的设施和服务，“格雷迪们”的概念由此诞生。实际上，直到20世纪中叶，格雷迪医院护理的各个方面都继续按种族隔离。1958年，“新格雷迪”的开业进一步巩固了这种单独的“格雷迪们”的传统，患者按医院病房进行隔离。到20世纪60年代，民权活动家给亚特兰大带来了变革。在小马丁·路德·金博士的支持下，亚特兰大学生运动在格雷迪医院外举行抗议活动，一系列司法和立法裁决使医疗委员会和公立医院实现了种族融合。最终，格雷迪医院的种族隔离是通过一份掩盖了多年斗争的安静备忘录实现的：1965年6月1日，医院院长比尔·平克斯顿的一份备忘录写道：“医院的所有部门都实行非种族原则，从今天起生效。”格雷迪的未来深深植根于其过去，自1892年成立以来，格雷迪的使命从未改变：“它将平等地护理穷人和富人，并将成为黑人和白人的庇护所。”
