Sewgobind Sanam, Johnson Nicholas, Mansfield Karen Louise
Vector-borne diseases workgroup, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
J Med Microbiol. 2022 Dec;71(12). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001620.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection that occurs predominantly in Asia and the Pacific Islands. It is transmitted by mosquito bites, with the main vector being and is maintained in enzootic cycles involving pigs, wild birds and mosquitoes. JE is caused by infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a zoonotic pathogen that also causes disease in mammals such as pigs and horses. In humans, most symptoms are mild or flu-like but can progress to encephalitis. Pigs are considered amplification hosts, and sows may have gestational complications. Horses may exhibit neurological signs. Detection of the virus can be confirmed by serological or molecular laboratory tests. Vaccination offers protection against JEV infection in humans, pigs and horses. Whilst there is no effective treatment of JE, human cases may require hospitalization for supportive therapy, which may include administration of fluids, oxygen and medication to treat symptoms.
日本脑炎（JE）是一种主要发生在亚洲和太平洋岛屿的感染性疾病。它通过蚊虫叮咬传播，主要传播媒介是[此处原文缺失主要传播媒介的具体内容]，并在涉及猪、野生鸟类和蚊子的动物疫源循环中持续存在。日本脑炎由感染日本脑炎病毒（JEV）引起，JEV是一种人畜共患病原体，也会在猪和马等哺乳动物中引发疾病。在人类中，大多数症状较轻或类似流感，但可能会发展为脑炎。猪被认为是扩增宿主，母猪可能会出现妊娠并发症。马可能会表现出神经症状。病毒检测可通过血清学或分子实验室检测来确认。接种疫苗可预防人类、猪和马感染JEV。虽然目前尚无针对日本脑炎的有效治疗方法，但人类病例可能需要住院进行支持性治疗，这可能包括给予液体、氧气和药物来治疗症状。
