Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.
International Center for Comparative Criminology, Montréal, QC, Canada.
J Interpers Violence. 2023 Jun;38(11-12):7754-7779. doi: 10.1177/08862605221148216. Epub 2023 Feb 7.
Violence in sport is a major social issue generating great interest in research over the last 10 years. Studies to date highlight various forms and manifestations of violence in the lives of teenagers practicing individual or team sports, in competitive and recreational contexts. Although allegations of sexual violence involving coaches most often reach media attention, psychological and physical violence involving teammates, parents, and coaches are also prevalent. While profiles of offenders in the sport context have contributed to a better understanding of the issue, similar profiles need to be elaborated for young victims to delineate varying degrees of risk, adaptation, and needs. Latent class analyses were conducted to empirically identify different patterns of exposure to violence in sport from a sample of 1057 athletes aged 14-17 years. Teenagers participated in an online survey assessing their experiences of violence using the Violence Toward Athletes Questionnaire. Results highlighted three different profiles of victimization in the sport context: (a) a non-victimized profile constituting only 37% of the sample; (b) a profile representing 52% of the sample that is mainly exposed to psychological violence by teammates, coaches, and parents; and (c) a "poly-victimized" profile, representing 10% of the sample, that is exposed to all forms of violence at the hands of various perpetrators (teammates, coaches, and parents). The identified profiles were compared according to different indicators of sport practice, athletic behaviors, and mental health. This study delineates the influence of single and multiple forms of violence and its compound consequences on mental health and sport-related behaviors, thus portraying various degrees of need for tailored prevention and intervention measures.
体育运动中的暴力是一个重大的社会问题，在过去 10 年中引起了研究人员的极大兴趣。迄今为止的研究强调了青少年在个人或团体运动中、在竞技和娱乐环境中生活中各种形式和表现的暴力。尽管涉及教练的性暴力指控最常引起媒体关注，但涉及队友、父母和教练的心理和身体暴力也很普遍。虽然体育背景下的犯罪者特征有助于更好地理解这个问题，但也需要为年轻受害者制定类似的特征，以划定不同程度的风险、适应和需求。通过对 1057 名 14-17 岁运动员的样本进行潜在类别分析，从经验上确定了体育运动中暴力的不同暴露模式。青少年参加了一项在线调查，使用《运动员暴力问卷》评估他们的暴力经历。结果突出了体育运动中三种不同的受害特征：（a）非受害特征，仅占样本的 37%；（b）代表 52%样本的特征，主要受到队友、教练和父母的心理暴力的影响；（c）“多受害”特征，占样本的 10%，受到各种施害者（队友、教练和父母）的所有形式暴力的影响。根据不同的运动实践、运动行为和心理健康指标，对确定的特征进行了比较。这项研究描绘了单一和多种形式的暴力及其复合后果对心理健康和与运动相关行为的影响，从而描绘了各种程度的需要制定有针对性的预防和干预措施。
