Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China.
Mediators Inflamm. 2023 Jan 29;2023:9991916. doi: 10.1155/2023/9991916. eCollection 2023.
Macrophages are a type of immune cells with high levels of plasticity and heterogeneity. They can polarize into M1 or M2 functional phenotypes. These two phenotypes exhibit a dynamic balance during polarization-related diseases and play opposing roles. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in biological processes such as cell proliferation, death, and differentiation; however, how long noncoding RNAs affect the cellular functionality of macrophages remains to be studied. Long noncoding RNA Gm9866 was found to be closely related to macrophage polarization through bioinformatics analysis. In this study, by conducting real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, it was observed that long noncoding RNA Gm9866 expression significantly increased after treatment with interleukin-4 but significantly decreased after treatment with lipopolysaccharide. Fluorescence hybridization revealed that long noncoding RNA Gm9866 was expressed mainly in the nucleus. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that overexpression of long noncoding RNA Gm9866 in RAW264.7 cells further promoted the expression of M2 markers MRC1 (macrophage mannose receptor 1) and MRC2 (macrophage mannose receptor 2). Western blotting analysis demonstrated inhibition of nuclear factor-B (NF-B) expression. EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) and TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) staining assays revealed that overexpression of long noncoding RNA Gm9866 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. These findings thus indicated that long noncoding RNA Gm9866 promoted macrophage polarization and inhibited the nuclear factor-B signaling pathway. Thus, long noncoding RNA Gm9866 may serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for polarization-related diseases such as infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, liver fibrosis, and tumors.
巨噬细胞是一种具有高度可塑性和异质性的免疫细胞。它们可以极化为 M1 或 M2 功能表型。这两种表型在极化相关疾病中表现出动态平衡，并发挥相反的作用。长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）在细胞增殖、死亡和分化等生物学过程中发挥重要作用；然而，长非编码 RNA 如何影响巨噬细胞的细胞功能仍有待研究。通过生物信息学分析发现，长非编码 RNA Gm9866 与巨噬细胞极化密切相关。在这项研究中，通过实时聚合酶链反应分析，观察到白细胞介素 4 处理后长非编码 RNA Gm9866 的表达显著增加，而脂多糖处理后显著降低。荧光杂交显示长非编码 RNA Gm9866 主要在核内表达。实时聚合酶链反应分析显示 RAW264.7 细胞中长非编码 RNA Gm9866 的过表达进一步促进了 M2 标志物 MRC1（巨噬细胞甘露糖受体 1）和 MRC2（巨噬细胞甘露糖受体 2）的表达。Western 印迹分析显示核因子-B（NF-B）表达受到抑制。EdU（5-乙炔基-2'-脱氧尿苷）和 TUNEL（TdT 介导的 dUTP 缺口末端标记）染色试验显示长非编码 RNA Gm9866 的过表达促进细胞增殖并抑制细胞凋亡。这些发现表明长非编码 RNA Gm9866 促进巨噬细胞极化并抑制核因子-B 信号通路。因此，长非编码 RNA Gm9866 可能成为感染性疾病、炎症性疾病、肝纤维化和肿瘤等与极化相关疾病的潜在诊断和治疗靶点。
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