Mongkolrat Nicha, Akatvipat Areerath, Saenubol Phitchaya, Pornnimitara Pachara, Boonyayatra Sukolrat, Tongprasert Siam
Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
Vet Med Int. 2023 Jan 30;2023:3822212. doi: 10.1155/2023/3822212. eCollection 2023.
This study aimed to find methods and interferences and illustrate the pattern of external anal sphincter (EAS) electromyography (EMG) during micturition and to determine reference intervals of electrophysiological bulbocavernosus reflex (EBCR) by using robust statistical methods in healthy spayed female canines. Ten healthy spayed female canines (no breed restriction) with a body weight of 11.3-18 kg were enrolled. EAS EMG during micturition and the EBCR test were performed under light general anesthesia. Altogether 25 out of 34 EAS EMG showed a similar pattern, including low-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern before voiding, medium- or high-amplitude low-frequency bursting pattern at the beginning of voiding, oscillate medium- and/or high-amplitude low-frequency bursting with a low-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern during voiding, and high-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern at the end of voiding. An average of 100 consecutive stimulations of EBCR for one cycle were performed in each dog and another cycle was repeated to ensure reproducibility. The lower and upper limits of the reference interval of EBCR onset latency values and EBCR mean amplitude values were calculated using both standard and robust methods with untransformed and transformed Box-Cox data. The EBCR onset latency was between 13.85 and 27.44 milliseconds, whereas the EBCR mean baseline to peak amplitude was not transformed with Box-Cox transformation. All EBCR compound muscle action potentials started with a negative sharp wave, which tapers from the baseline in the upward direction, showing an upturned bell-shaped curve. In conclusion, this study was possibly the first to examine the method and provide the electrographic pattern of EAS EMG during micturition and reference intervals of EBCR onset latency in spayed female dogs, which may serve as baseline information to help veterinarians differentiate healthy from diseased dogs. Further studies should compare normal dogs and dogs with lower urinary tract abnormalities at different lesion locations.
本研究旨在寻找方法和干扰因素，阐明排尿过程中外括约肌（EAS）肌电图（EMG）的模式，并通过使用稳健的统计方法确定健康绝育雌性犬的球海绵体反射（EBCR）的参考区间。纳入了10只体重为11.3 - 18千克的健康绝育雌性犬（无品种限制）。在轻度全身麻醉下进行排尿期间的EAS EMG和EBCR测试。34次EAS EMG中有25次显示出相似的模式，包括排尿前的低振幅高频爆发模式、排尿开始时的中振幅或高振幅低频爆发模式、排尿期间以低振幅高频爆发模式振荡的中振幅和/或高振幅低频爆发模式以及排尿结束时的高振幅高频爆发模式。对每只犬进行平均100次连续的EBCR刺激，重复一个周期以确保可重复性。使用标准和稳健方法，对未转换和经Box-Cox转换的数据计算EBCR起始潜伏期值和EBCR平均振幅值的参考区间的下限和上限。EBCR起始潜伏期在13.85至27.44毫秒之间，而EBCR平均基线到峰值振幅未进行Box-Cox转换。所有EBCR复合肌肉动作电位均以负锐波开始，该负锐波从基线向上逐渐变细，呈向上的钟形曲线。总之，本研究可能是首次研究该方法，并提供了绝育雌性犬排尿期间EAS EMG的电图模式以及EBCR起始潜伏期的参考区间，这可能作为基线信息帮助兽医区分健康犬和患病犬。进一步的研究应比较正常犬和不同病变部位下尿路异常的犬。
