Phey Phey Melissa Low, Tuan Abdullah Tuan Amran, Md Ali Umi Fazara, Mohamud Mohamed Yusuf, Ikram Muhammad, Nabgan Walid
Center of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia.
RSC Adv. 2023 Jan 19;13(5):3039-3055. doi: 10.1039/d2ra07617a. eCollection 2023 Jan 18.
The catalytic conversion of CO the Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction for CO production is a promising environment-friendly approach. The greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels can be used to produce valuable fuels or chemicals through CO hydrogenation. Therefore, this project was to study the CO conversion RWGS over various Cu/ZnO catalysts supported by regenerated spent bleaching earth (RSBE) prepared by wet impregnation technique with different Cu : Zn ratios (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0). The causes of environmental pollution from the disposal of spent bleaching earth (SBE) from an edible oil refinery can be eliminated by using it as catalyst support after the regeneration process. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (TPR-H), pyridine-adsorbed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR-pyridine), temperature programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (TPD-CO), N physisorption, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The RWGS reaction was carried out in a slurry reactor at 200 °C, with a pressure of 3 MPa, a residence time of 4 h, and catalyst loading of 1.0 g with an H/CO ratio of 3. According to experimental data, the Cu/Zn ratio significantly impacts the catalytic structure and performance. The catalytic activity increased until the Cu : Zn ratio reached the maximum value of 1.5, while a further increase in Cu/Zn ratio inhibited the catalytic performance. The CZR3 catalyst (Cu/Zn ratio of 1.5) with a higher catalytic reducibility, high copper dispersion with small crystalline size, lower total pore volume as well as higher basicity showed superior catalytic performance in terms of CO conversion (40.67%) and CO yield (39.91%). Findings on the effect of reaction conditions revealed that higher temperature (>240 °C), higher pressure (>3 MPa), higher reaction time (>4 h) and higher catalyst loading (>1.25 g) could improve CO conversion to CO yield. A maximum CO conversion of 45.8% and multiple recycling stability of the catalyst were achieved, showing no significant decrease in CO conversion.
通过逆水煤气变换（RWGS）反应将一氧化碳催化转化以生产一氧化碳是一种很有前景的环保方法。燃烧化石燃料产生的温室气体排放可通过一氧化碳加氢用于生产有价值的燃料或化学品。因此，本项目旨在研究在不同铜锌比（0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、3.0）的湿浸渍法制备的再生废漂白土（RSBE）负载的各种铜/氧化锌催化剂上进行的一氧化碳转化（RWGS）反应。通过在再生后将废漂白土（SBE）用作催化剂载体，可以消除食用油精炼厂废漂白土处置造成的环境污染。采用热重分析（TGA）、X射线衍射（XRD）、程序升温氢气还原（TPR-H）、吡啶吸附傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR-吡啶）、程序升温二氧化碳脱附（TPD-CO）、N物理吸附和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析对合成的催化剂进行了表征。RWGS反应在浆态反应器中于200℃、压力3MPa、停留时间4h、催化剂负载量1.0g且氢/一氧化碳比为3的条件下进行。根据实验数据，铜锌比显著影响催化结构和性能。催化活性在铜锌比达到最大值1.5之前一直增加，而铜锌比的进一步增加则抑制了催化性能。具有较高催化还原能力、高铜分散度且晶体尺寸小、总孔体积较低以及碱性较高的CZR3催化剂（铜锌比为1.5）在一氧化碳转化率（40.67%）和一氧化碳产率（3Q.91%）方面表现出优异的催化性能。关于反应条件影响的研究结果表明，较高的温度（>240℃）、较高的压力（>3MPa）、较长的反应时间（>4h）和较高的催化剂负载量（>1.25g）可以提高一氧化碳转化为一氧化碳的产率。实现了45.8%的最大一氧化碳转化率和催化剂的多次循环稳定性，一氧化碳转化率没有显著下降。
