Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, s/n 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, s/n 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Semergen. 2023 May-Jun;49(4):101923. doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.101923. Epub 2023 Feb 7.
Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) in elderly adults could express cognitive decline in the future. A consensus has been reached about how these SMC relate to mood variables, but further research is required to determine which socio-demographic, cognitive, functional and occupational factors will act as predictors in elderly adults.
To analyze, through a descriptive observational study, the relationship between anxiety/depression and sex, age and occupation, with cognitive/functional performance in 367 older adults with SMC, but without objective cognitive impairment in a primary healthcare center.
The cognitive variables were measured by applying the Spanish version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MEC-35) and Set-test for verbal fluency. To measure functional level, the Barthel index and Lawton and Brody scales were employed. Physical occupational status and mental occupational status were measured based on three levels, low, medium and high, according to the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Low educational and occupational physical and mental levels were related to anxiety and depression. In addition, differences by sex were found on anxiety and depression related to different factors. In men, anxiety was related to higher cognitive level, and in women to higher functional performance in IADLs. On the contrary, depression in men was related to lower cognitive level and higher performance in ADLs.
It is important to maintain a sex-gender perspective on the study of anxiety and depression in elderly, taking into account social roles and the traints of the work environment, in order to avoid cognitive and functional impairment.
老年人的主观记忆抱怨（SMCs）可能预示着未来的认知能力下降。尽管已经就 SMC 与情绪变量的关系达成共识，但仍需要进一步的研究来确定哪些社会人口学、认知、功能和职业因素将成为老年人的预测因素。
通过描述性观察研究，分析在初级保健中心中，367 名有 SMC 但无客观认知障碍的老年人中，焦虑/抑郁与性别、年龄和职业与认知/功能表现之间的关系。
采用西班牙版简易精神状态检查（MEC-35）和言语流畅性测试评估认知变量。为了评估功能水平，采用巴氏指数和洛顿和布罗迪量表。根据美国职业治疗协会的标准，将身体职业状态和精神职业状态分为低、中、高三级。
低教育程度和职业的身体和精神水平与焦虑和抑郁有关。此外，还发现了与不同因素相关的性别差异。在男性中，焦虑与较高的认知水平相关，而在女性中，与较高的 IADL 功能表现相关。相反，男性的抑郁与较低的认知水平和较高的 ADL 表现相关。
在研究老年人的焦虑和抑郁时，考虑到社会角色和工作环境的限制，从性别角度出发非常重要，以避免认知和功能障碍。
