Tagele Setu Bazie, Kim Ryeong-Hui, Jeong Minsoo, Lim Kyeongmo, Jung Da-Ryung, Lee Dokyung, Kim Wanro, Shin Jae-Ho
Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
NGS core facility, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jan 24;14:1072216. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1072216. eCollection 2023.
Ginseng is a profitable crop worldwide; however, the ginseng replanting problem (GRP) is a major threat to its production. Soil amendment is a non-chemical method that is gaining popularity for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles, such as GRP. However, the impact of soil amendment with either cow dung or canola on GRP reduction and the associated soil microbiota remains unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of soil amendment with cow dung, canola seed powder, and without amendment (control), on the survival of ginseng seedling transplants, the soil bacterial and fungal communities, and their associated metabolic functions. The results showed that cow dung increased ginseng seedling survival rate by 100 percent and had a remarkable positive effect on ginseng plant growth compared to control, whereas canola did not. Cow dung improved soil nutritional status in terms of pH, electrical conductivity, , total carbon, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus. The amplicon sequencing results using Illumina MiSeq showed that canola had the strongest negative effect in reducing soil bacterial and fungal diversity. On the other hand, cow dung stimulated beneficial soil microbes, including , , , and , while suppressing Acidobacteriota. Community-level physiological profiling analysis using Biolog Ecoplates containing 31 different carbon sources showed that cow dung soil had a different metabolic activity with higher utilization rates of carbohydrates and polymer carbon sources, mainly Tween 40 and beta-methyl-d-glucoside. These carbon sources were most highly associated with Bacillota. Furthermore, predicted ecological function analyses of bacterial and fungal communities showed that cow dung had a higher predicted function of fermentation and fewer functions related to plant pathogens and fungal parasites, signifying its potential to enhance soil suppressiveness. Co-occurrence network analysis based on random matrix theory (RMT) revealed that cow dung transformed the soil microbial network into a highly connected and complex network. This study is the first to report the alleviation of GRP using cow dung as a soil amendment, and the study contributes significantly to our understanding of how the soil microbiota and metabolic alterations cow dung can aid in GRP alleviation.
人参在全球都是一种有利可图的作物；然而，人参连作问题（GRP）是其生产面临的主要威胁。土壤改良是一种非化学方法，在缓解连作障碍（如GRP）方面越来越受欢迎。然而，牛粪或油菜籽对减轻GRP及相关土壤微生物群的影响仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们评估了用牛粪、油菜籽粉改良土壤以及不进行改良（对照）对人参幼苗移植成活率、土壤细菌和真菌群落及其相关代谢功能的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，牛粪使人参幼苗成活率提高了100%，对人参植株生长有显著的积极影响，而油菜籽则没有。牛粪在pH值、电导率、[此处原文缺失部分内容]、总碳、总磷和有效磷方面改善了土壤营养状况。使用Illumina MiSeq进行的扩增子测序结果表明，油菜籽对降低土壤细菌和真菌多样性的负面影响最强。另一方面，牛粪刺激了有益的土壤微生物，包括[此处原文缺失部分内容]、[此处原文缺失部分内容]、[此处原文缺失部分内容]和[此处原文缺失部分内容]，同时抑制了酸杆菌门。使用含有31种不同碳源的Biolog生态板进行的群落水平生理谱分析表明，牛粪处理的土壤具有不同的代谢活性，对碳水化合物和聚合物碳源的利用率更高，主要是吐温40和β-甲基-d-葡萄糖苷。这些碳源与芽孢杆菌门关联度最高。此外，对细菌和真菌群落的预测生态功能分析表明，牛粪具有较高的发酵预测功能，与植物病原体和真菌寄生虫相关的功能较少，这表明其具有增强土壤抑制性的潜力。基于随机矩阵理论（RMT）的共现网络分析表明，牛粪将土壤微生物网络转变为一个高度连通和复杂的网络。本研究首次报道了使用牛粪作为土壤改良剂缓解GRP，该研究对我们理解土壤微生物群和牛粪的代谢改变如何有助于缓解GRP有重大贡献。
