Environmental and Operational Medicine Research Department, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, China.
Tianjin Key Lab of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Jan 25;14:1120533. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1120533. eCollection 2023.
Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-C (MOTS-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide composed of 16 amino acids encoded by the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. The MOTS-c protein is transferred to the nucleus during metabolic stress and directs the expression of nuclear genes to promote cell balance. Different tissues co-expressed the protein with mitochondria, and plasma also contained the protein, but its level decreased with age. In addition, MOTS-c has been shown to improve glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, which indicates its benefits for diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and aging. Nevertheless, MOTS-c has been used less frequently in disease treatment, and no effective method of applying MOTS-c in the clinic has been developed. Throughout this paper, we discussed the discovery and physiological function of mitochondrial-derived polypeptide MOTS-c, and the application of MOTS-c in the treatment of various diseases, such as aging, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and inflammation. To provide additional ideas for future research and development, we tapped into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of MOTS-c to improve diseases and combined the technology with synthetic biology in order to offer a new approach to its development and application.
MOTS-c 是一种由线粒体基因组 12S rRNA 区域编码的 16 个氨基酸组成的线粒体衍生肽。在代谢应激时，MOTS-c 蛋白被转移到细胞核内，并指导核基因的表达，从而促进细胞平衡。不同的组织与线粒体共同表达该蛋白，而血浆中也含有该蛋白，但随着年龄的增长其水平会下降。此外，MOTS-c 已被证明可改善骨骼肌中的葡萄糖代谢，这表明它对糖尿病、肥胖症和衰老等疾病有益。然而，MOTS-c 在疾病治疗中的应用较少，并且尚未开发出有效的 MOTS-c 临床应用方法。本文讨论了线粒体衍生多肽 MOTS-c 的发现和生理功能，以及 MOTS-c 在治疗衰老、心血管疾病、胰岛素抵抗和炎症等各种疾病方面的应用。为了为未来的研究和开发提供更多思路，我们探讨了 MOTS-c 的分子机制和治疗潜力，以改善疾病，并将该技术与合成生物学相结合，为其开发和应用提供新途径。
