Note on the genus (Xylariaceae) - first records and a new species of the genus from Iran.

In a survey of xylarialean fungi in northern Iran, some specimens attributable to the genus were collected, cultured and sequenced. Morphological evidence and phylogenetic analyses of a combined ITS, LSU, and gene dataset confirmed the presence of and in Iran for the first time. Furthermore, the new species , which shows similarities to and its putative synonym , but significantly differs from the latter in its DNA sequences, was encountered. All species are illustrated, described and discussed. In the phylogenetic analyses, for the first time, the overlooked ex-type ITS sequences of the neotype of the generic type, and that of the holotype of , were added to a multi-gene matrix of . This revealed that the two accessions of (HAST 235 and CBS 679.86), for which multigene data are available in GenBank, are misidentified, while the Iranian accession of has an almost identical ITS sequence to the neotype, confirming its morphological species identification. The two previously accepted species of , and , are embedded within and are revealed as close relatives of , supporting the inclusion of in .