Vinicius Batista Soares Marcos, Mathieu Koenen Erik Jozef, Ricardo Vieira Iganci João, Morim Marli Pires
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43433, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Rua dos Bandeirantes 1020, Caranazal, 68040-329, Santarém, Pará, Brazil.
PhytoKeys. 2022 Aug 22;205:401-437. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.205.82775. eCollection 2022.
and were established to accommodate four and three species, respectively, that were previously included in different ingoid genera, based primarily on differences in fruit morphology. Both genera have Amazonia as their centre of diversity, extending to Central America and the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Previous phylogenetic evidence showed to be paraphyletic with respect to , and species of and were placed in a large unresolved polytomy with species of . Here we present a new phylogenomic analysis based on 560 exons, from which 686 orthologous alignments were derived for gene tree inference. This analysis confirms a paraphyletic in relation to , together with two African species formerly placed in nested within the clade. was resolved as sister to the clade combining those taxa. However, quartet support is low for several of the branches at the base of the clade combining the genera , and , suggesting that rapid initial divergence in this group led to extensive incomplete lineage sorting and consequently poor phylogenetic resolution. Because of these phylogenomic complexities, we decided to use morphology as the main guide to consider as a distinct genus from , and as a new synonym for . The taxonomic treatment includes the study of collections from various herbaria and fieldwork expeditions. We present a re-circumscribed accommodating a total of 10 species, including six new combinations, five new synonyms, one new taxonomic status, two corrections of nomenclature category for lectotypes, and a second step lectotype and three new lectotypes. A new species from the Brazilian Amazon is described and illustrated. An identification key for all species of is presented, together with comments and illustrations.
分别建立了容纳四个和三个物种的属，这些物种以前主要根据果实形态的差异被归入不同的类叶榕属。这两个属都以亚马逊地区为多样性中心，延伸至中美洲和巴西大西洋雨林。先前的系统发育证据表明，相对于[某属]，[另一属]是并系的，并且[某属]和[另一属]的物种与[某属]的物种处于一个大的未解决多歧聚类中。在这里，我们基于560个外显子进行了新的系统基因组分析，从中获得了686个直系同源比对用于基因树推断。该分析证实了相对于[某属]，[另一属]是并系的，还有两个以前归入[某属]的非洲物种嵌套在该分支内。[某属]被解析为与合并这些类群的分支互为姐妹群。然而，在合并[某属]、[另一属]和[某属]的分支基部，几个分支的四重奏支持率较低，这表明该类群的快速初始分化导致了广泛的不完全谱系分选，从而导致系统发育分辨率较差。由于这些系统基因组的复杂性，我们决定以形态学为主要指导，将[某属]视为与[某属]不同的属，并将[某属]作为[某属]的新同义词。分类处理包括对来自各种植物标本馆的标本和野外考察的研究。我们提出了一个重新界定的[某属]，总共容纳10个物种，包括六个新组合、五个新同义词、一个新分类地位、两个模式指定的命名类别更正，以及一个第二步模式指定和三个新模式指定。描述并说明了一个来自巴西亚马逊地区的新物种。给出了[某属]所有物种的检索表，并附有注释和插图。
