基于健康信念模型构建的新冠病毒预防行为预测。
Predicting Covid-19 preventive behaviors based on constructs of health belief model.
机构信息
Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
Department of Health Services Management, School of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
出版信息
Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2023 Feb 10;24:e13. doi: 10.1017/S1463423622000743.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of Covid-19 has become a clinical threat worldwide. However, knowledge about this new virus is limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the preventive behaviors of Covid-19 based on the constructs of health belief model (HBM) in the clients of health centers in Zabol, Iran.
METHODS
This descriptive-analytical (cross-sectional) study was performed on 160 people referring to health centers in Zabol by the available method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS20 software and appropriate statistical tests.
RESULTS
A positive and significant correlation was observed between preventive behaviors of Covid-19 and perceived benefit constructs ( = 0.29, = 0.0001) and self-efficacy ( = 0.39, = 0.0001). HBM constructs were able to predict about 36% of the variance of Covid-19 disease preventive behaviors, with self-efficacy ( = 0.134) being the strongest predictor.
CONCLUSION
Since no specific and definitive treatment for Corona has been found yet, taking preventive measures can be the best way to prevent the spread of this disease in the community. Therefore, this can be achieved by raising awareness and preventive behaviors through health education.
介绍与目的
新冠疫情在全球范围内已成为一项临床威胁。然而，人们对这种新型病毒的了解十分有限。因此，本研究旨在基于健康信念模型（HBM）的构念，确定伊朗扎布尔卫生中心客户对新冠病毒的预防行为。
方法
本描述性分析（横断面）研究采用便利抽样法，选取了 160 名前往扎布尔卫生中心的人员作为研究对象。研究人员使用自制问卷收集数据。采用 SPSS20 软件进行数据分析，并进行了适当的统计检验。
结果
新冠病毒预防行为与感知效益（ = 0.29， = 0.0001）和自我效能（ = 0.39， = 0.0001）呈正相关且具有统计学意义。HBM 构念能够预测新冠疾病预防行为约 36%的方差，其中自我效能（ = 0.134）是最强的预测因子。
结论
由于目前尚未找到针对新冠病毒的具体和明确的治疗方法，因此采取预防措施可能是预防该疾病在社区传播的最佳方法。因此，可以通过健康教育提高认识和预防行为来实现这一目标。
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