青少年 COVID-19 预防行为相关因素：应用健康信念模型。
Factors associated with preventive behaviors of COVID-19 among adolescents: Applying the health belief model.
机构信息
Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan, Iran.
出版信息
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021 Oct;17(10):1786-1790. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.01.014. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
BACKGROUND
The emergence of a new pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a unique challenge for public health (all age and sex groups).
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore the adolescents' perceptions of preventive behaviors to avoid COVID-19 disease based on the health belief model (HBM).
METHOD
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 797adolescents (aged between 12 and 18 years old), who were 7th-12th -grade students of 24 randomly selected schools from 28th May to June 28, 2020 in Isfahan, Iran. An online self-administered questionnaire was adapted to measure the adolescents' perceived threats, barriers, benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action toward protective behaviors.
RESULTS
Findings indicated that the adolescents' mean age was 14.7 (SD = 1.7) and 53.7% of them were female. Regardless of gender difference, there was a significant positive correlation between the adolescents' protective behaviors and their self-efficacy (r = 0.62, P < 0.001), perceived benefit (r = 29, P < 0.001), and perceived severity (r = 0.15, P < 0.001), while there was a significant negative correlation between the adolescents' protective behaviors and their perceived susceptibility (r = -0.11, P < 0.001), as well as their perceived barrier (r = -0.21, P < 0.001). The result of the Hierarchical regression analysis also revealed that the HBM model had a significant predictive power for preventing measures towards coronavirus disease in adolescents (Adj R = 0.46, p < 0.001). The results also showed that self-efficacy was the strongest predictor (β = 0.59, P < 0.001) in explaining protective behaviors in adolescents.
CONCLUSION
In the context of coronavirus disease pandemic in adolescents, the health belief model could provide a useful framework for planners to develop educational programs. Moreover, in such a context, strategies to promote self-efficacy in adolescents should be considered more carefully to help them improve their protective behaviors.
背景
一种新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）引发的新大流行对公共卫生（所有年龄和性别群体）构成了独特的挑战。
目的
本研究旨在基于健康信念模型（HBM）探讨青少年对预防 COVID-19 疾病的行为的看法。
方法
本横断面研究于 2020 年 5 月 28 日至 6 月 28 日期间，在伊朗伊斯法罕，对 797 名 12 至 18 岁的 7 至 12 年级学生（来自 24 所随机选取的学校）进行了研究。采用在线自填式问卷，以测量青少年对保护行为的感知威胁、障碍、益处、自我效能和行动线索。
结果
结果表明，青少年的平均年龄为 14.7（SD=1.7），其中 53.7%为女性。无论性别差异如何，青少年的保护行为与其自我效能（r=0.62，P<0.001）、感知益处（r=29，P<0.001）和感知严重程度（r=0.15，P<0.001）呈显著正相关，而与青少年的保护行为与他们的感知易感性（r=-0.11，P<0.001）和感知障碍（r=-0.21，P<0.001）呈显著负相关。分层回归分析的结果还表明，HBM 模型对青少年预防冠状病毒疾病的措施具有显著的预测能力（调整后的 R2=0.46，P<0.001）。结果还表明，自我效能是解释青少年保护行为的最强预测因素（β=0.59，P<0.001）。
结论
在青少年冠状病毒疾病大流行的背景下，健康信念模型可以为规划者提供一个有用的框架来制定教育计划。此外，在这种情况下，应更仔细地考虑促进青少年自我效能的策略，以帮助他们提高保护行为。
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