基于健康信念模型的普通人群预防 COVID-19 行为相关因素的横断面研究：伊朗研究。
Factors related to preventive COVID-19 behaviors using health belief model among general population: a cross-sectional study in Iran.
机构信息
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2021 Oct 24;21(1):1934. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11983-3.
BACKGROUND
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become one of the biggest challenges to global health and economy. The present study aimed to explore the factors related to preventive health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Khuzestan Province, South of Iran, using the Health Belief Model (HBM).
METHODS
The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the period between July 2020 and September 2020. A total of 1090 people from Khuzestan province participated in the study. The data collection method included a multistage cluster sampling method with a random selection of provincial of health centers. The questionnaire collected socio-demographic information and HBM constructs (e.g., perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, cues to action, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, hierarchical multiple linear regression, and SPSS version 22.
RESULTS
The mean age of the participants was 35.53 ± 11.53, more than half of them were female (61.6%) and married (65.3). The results showed that 27% of the variance in the COVID-19 preventive behaviors was explained by HBM constructs. The regression analysis indicated that female gender (β = 0.11), perceived benefits (β = 0.10), perceived barriers (β = - 0.18), external cues to action (β = 0.25), and internal cues to action (β = 0.12) were significantly associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Designing an educational intervention on the basis of HBM might be considered as a framework for the correction of beliefs and adherence to COVID-19 behavior. Health information campaigns need to (1) emphasize the benefits of preventive behaviors including avoiding the likelihood of getting a chronic disease and complications of the disease, (2) highlight the tips and advice to overcome the barriers (3) provide cues to action by means of showing various reminders in social media (4) focusing on adoption of COVID-19-related preventive behaviors, especially among men.
背景
冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行已成为全球健康和经济的最大挑战之一。本研究旨在利用健康信念模型（HBM）探讨伊朗南部胡齐斯坦省 COVID-19 大流行期间与预防保健行为相关的因素。
方法
本横断面研究于 2020 年 7 月至 2020 年 9 月进行。共有 1090 名来自胡齐斯坦省的人参加了这项研究。数据收集方法包括多阶段聚类抽样方法，随机选择省级卫生中心。问卷收集了社会人口统计学信息和 HBM 结构（例如，感知易感性、感知严重性、感知益处和障碍、行动线索和 COVID-19 预防行为）。使用 ANOVA、t 检验、分层多元线性回归和 SPSS 版本 22 对数据进行分析。
结果
参与者的平均年龄为 35.53±11.53，其中超过一半是女性（61.6%）和已婚（65.3%）。结果表明，HBM 结构解释了 COVID-19 预防行为变化的 27%。回归分析表明，女性（β=0.11）、感知益处（β=0.10）、感知障碍（β=-0.18）、外部行动线索（β=0.25）和内部行动线索（β=0.12）与 COVID-19 预防行为显著相关（p<0.05）。
结论
基于 HBM 设计教育干预措施可能被认为是纠正信念和遵守 COVID-19 行为的框架。健康信息宣传活动需要（1）强调预防行为的益处，包括避免患慢性病和疾病并发症的可能性，（2）突出克服障碍的技巧和建议，（3）通过在社交媒体上展示各种提醒来提供行动线索，（4）重点关注 COVID-19 相关预防行为的采用，特别是在男性中。
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