Su Runhua, Zhou Lina, Ding Lili, Fu Bo, Fu Huimin, Shuang Yanan, Ye Lin, Hu Haidong, Ma Haijun, Ren Hongqiang
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Apr;30(17):49026-49037. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-25704-3. Epub 2023 Feb 10.
High concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate always induce inhibition in anaerobic wastewater treatment. Due to the complexity and vulnerability of the microbial community (especially methanogens) in anaerobic sludge, little is understood about its underlying microbial mechanism under such inhibition. In this study, the shifts of microbial communities in anaerobic sludge under increasing levels of nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium ions were compared. Results show that although half maximal inhibitory concentrations (methanogenesis) were different for nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium ions with EC values of 12, 30, and 3000 mg N/L, respectively, bacteria genera Kosmotoga and Brooklawnia dominated in all of the three high-stress inhibitory systems. Network analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) of the microbial community showed the treatments with nitrate and nitrite ions decreased the modularity of anaerobic microorganisms. RDA showed that specific methanogenic activity was positively related to coenzyme F under nitrite inhibition (r = 0.833, p < 0.05) and closely correlated with viability under nitrate inhibition. Gram-positive and nonmotile Brooklawnia genus showed a negative correlation with physiological characteristics in the ammonia treatments, suggesting its high resistance to ammonia.
高浓度的铵、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐在厌氧废水处理中总会产生抑制作用。由于厌氧污泥中微生物群落（尤其是产甲烷菌）的复杂性和脆弱性，对于这种抑制作用下其潜在的微生物机制了解甚少。在本研究中，比较了亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和铵离子水平升高时厌氧污泥中微生物群落的变化。结果表明，虽然亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和铵离子的半数最大抑制浓度（产甲烷作用）不同，其EC值分别为12、30和3000 mg N/L，但在所有三个高胁迫抑制系统中，科斯莫托加菌属和布鲁克劳尼亚菌属均占主导地位。微生物群落的网络分析和冗余分析（RDA）表明，硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐离子处理降低了厌氧微生物的模块性。RDA表明，在亚硝酸盐抑制下，特定产甲烷活性与辅酶F呈正相关（r = 0.833，p < 0.05），在硝酸盐抑制下与活性密切相关。革兰氏阳性且不运动的布鲁克劳尼亚菌属在氨处理中与生理特性呈负相关，表明其对氨具有高抗性。
