Borque-Fernando Ángel, Gaya Josep Maria, Esteban-Escaño Luis Mariano, Gómez-Rivas Juan, García-Baquero Rodrigo, Agreda-Castañeda Fernando, Gallioli Andrea, Verri Paolo, Ortiz-Vico Francisco Javier, Amir-Nicolau Balig Fawwaz, Osman-Garcia Ignacio, Gil-Martínez Pedro, Arrabal-Martín Miguel, Gómez-Ferrer Lozano Álvaro, Campos-Juanatey Felix, Guerrero-Ramos Félix, Rubio-Briones Josè
IIS-Aragón, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Fundació Puigvert, Autonomus University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Jan 19;15(3):616. doi: 10.3390/cancers15030616.
Penile cancer (PC) is a rare malignancy with an overall incidence in Europe of 1/100,000 males/year. In Europe, few studies report the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and treatment of PC. The aim of this study is to present an updated outlook on the aforementioned factors of PC in Spain.
A multicentric, retrospective, observational epidemiological study was designed, and patients with a new diagnosis of PC in 2015 were included. Patients were anonymously identified from the Register of Specialized Care Activity of the Ministry of Health of Spain. All Spanish hospitals recruiting patients in 2015 were invited to participate in the present study. We have followed a descriptive narration of the observed data. Continuous and categorical data were reported by median (p25th-p75th range) and absolute and relative frequencies, respectively. The incidence map shows differences between Spanish regions.
The incidence of PC in Spain in 2015 was 2.55/100,000 males per year. A total of 586 patients were identified, and 228 patients from 61 hospitals were included in the analysis. A total of 54/61 (88.5%) centers reported ≤ 5 new cases. The patients accessed the urologist for visually-assessed penile lesions (60.5%), mainly localized in the glans (63.6%). Local hygiene, smoking habits, sexual habits, HPV exposure, and history of penile lesions were reported in 48.2%, 59.6%, 25%, 13.2%, and 69.7%. HPV-positive lesions were 18.1% (28.6% HPV-16). The majority of PC was squamous carcinoma (95.2%). PC was ≥cT2 in 45.2% (103/228) cases. At final pathology, PC was ≥pT2 in 51% of patients and ≥pN1 in 17% of cases. The most common local treatment was partial penectomy (46.9% cases). A total of 47/55 (85.5%) inguinal lymphadenectomies were open. Patients with ≥pN1 disease were treated with chemotherapy in 12/39 (40.8%) of cases.
PC incidence is relatively high in Spain compared to other European countries. The risk factors for PC are usually misreported. The diagnosis and management of PC are suboptimal, encouraging the identification of referral centers for PC management.
阴茎癌（PC）是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，在欧洲总体发病率为每年1/100,000男性。在欧洲，很少有研究报告阴茎癌的流行病学、危险因素、临床表现和治疗情况。本研究的目的是呈现西班牙阴茎癌上述因素的最新概况。
设计了一项多中心、回顾性、观察性流行病学研究，纳入2015年新诊断为阴茎癌的患者。从西班牙卫生部专门护理活动登记册中匿名识别患者。邀请了2015年招募患者的所有西班牙医院参与本研究。我们对观察到的数据进行了描述性叙述。连续数据和分类数据分别以中位数（第25百分位数 - 第75百分位数范围）以及绝对频率和相对频率报告。发病率地图显示了西班牙各地区之间的差异。
2015年西班牙阴茎癌的发病率为每年2.55/100,000男性。共识别出586例患者，来自61家医院的228例患者纳入分析。61家中心中共有54家（88.5%）报告新病例≤5例。患者因肉眼可见的阴茎病变就诊于泌尿外科医生（60.5%），病变主要位于龟头（63.6%）。报告了局部卫生、吸烟习惯、性行为习惯、人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）暴露以及阴茎病变史的患者分别占48.2%、59.6%、25%、13.2%和69.7%。HPV阳性病变占18.1%（HPV - 16占28.6分）。大多数阴茎癌为鳞状细胞癌（95.2%）。45.2%（103/228）的病例阴茎癌≥cT2期。在最终病理检查中，51%的患者阴茎癌≥pT2期，17%的病例≥pN1期。最常见的局部治疗是部分阴茎切除术（46.9%的病例）。55例腹股沟淋巴结清扫术中47例（85.5%）为开放性手术。≥pN1期疾病的患者中，12/39（40.8%）的病例接受了化疗。
与其他欧洲国家相比，西班牙阴茎癌发病率相对较高。阴茎癌的危险因素通常报告有误。阴茎癌的诊断和管理并不理想，这促使确定阴茎癌管理的转诊中心。
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