Amicuzi Ugo, Grillo Marco, Stizzo Marco, Olivetta Michelangelo, Tammaro Simone, Napolitano Luigi, Reccia Pasquale, De Luca Luigi, Rubinacci Andrea, Della Rosa Giampiero, Lecce Arturo, Coppola Paola, Papi Salvatore, Trama Francesco, Romano Lorenzo, Sciorio Carmine, Spirito Lorenzo, Crocetto Felice, Manfredi Celeste, Del Giudice Francesco, Ferro Matteo, Rocco Bernardo, Tataru Octavian Sabin, Balsamo Raffaele, Lucarelli Giuseppe, Del Biondo Dario, Barone Biagio
Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, AORN Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
Department of Urology, Ospedale del Mare, ASL NA1 Centro, 80147 Naples, Italy.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Aug 16;14(16):1790. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14161790.
Penile cancer, while rare, is a critical public health issue due to its profound impact on patients and the complexities of its management. The disease's multifactorial etiology includes risk factors such as HPV infection, poor hygiene, smoking, genetic predispositions, and socioeconomic determinants. This article provides a comprehensive review and analysis of these diverse risk factors, aiming to enhance understanding of the disease's underlying causes. By elucidating these factors, the article seeks to inform and improve prevention strategies, early detection methods, and therapeutic interventions. A nuanced grasp of the multifactorial nature of penile cancer can enable healthcare professionals to develop more effective approaches to reducing incidence rates and improving patient outcomes.
阴茎癌虽然罕见，但因其对患者的深远影响以及治疗的复杂性，仍是一个关键的公共卫生问题。该疾病的多因素病因包括人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染、卫生条件差、吸烟、遗传易感性和社会经济决定因素等风险因素。本文对这些不同的风险因素进行了全面综述和分析，旨在加深对该疾病潜在病因的理解。通过阐明这些因素，本文力求为预防策略、早期检测方法和治疗干预提供信息并加以改进。对阴茎癌多因素性质的细致理解可使医疗保健专业人员制定出更有效的方法来降低发病率并改善患者预后。
