Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Unit of Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Cancer Causes Control. 2022 Jan;33(1):117-123. doi: 10.1007/s10552-021-01510-5. Epub 2021 Oct 26.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis is rare. Some studies have suggested that the incidence is increasing but the available literature is equivocal. We examined the incidence of high-grade penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN), the incidence and 5-year relative survival as well as mortality of penile SCC in Denmark over the latest 20 years.
New cases of high-grade PeIN and penile cancer were identified from high-quality nationwide registries. Age-standardized (World) incidence rates per 100,000 person-years and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were estimated. For penile SCC, 5-year relative survival was calculated, and Cox regression was used to examine the effect of selected characteristics on mortality.
Altogether, 1,070 new cases of high-grade PeIN were diagnosed (1997-2018) and the incidence increased from 0.87 to 1.84 per 100,000 person-years from 1997-1998 to 2017-2018 (AAPC = 4.73; 95% CI: 3.54-5.94). We identified 1,216 penile cancer cases (1997-2018) (95.7% SCC). The incidence of penile SCC increased slightly from 0.85 per 100,000 person-years in 1997-1998 to 1.13 per 100,000 person-years in 2017-2018 (AAPC = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.24-1.79). The 5-year relative survival of penile SCC did not change substantially, whereas the mortality tended to decrease.
Penile SCC is increasing slightly in Denmark, while a pronounced increase in the incidence of high-grade PeIN is seen. The 5-year relative survival from penile cancer was relatively stable over time. Increasing exposure to HPV infection at the population level may have contributed to the observed increase in PeIN and penile SCC. Awareness of HPV may also have contributed to the increased detection of PeIN.
阴茎鳞状细胞癌（SCC）较为罕见。一些研究表明其发病率正在上升，但现有文献的结果存在争议。本研究在丹麦，通过 20 年来的最新数据，调查了高级别阴茎上皮内瘤变（PeIN）的发病率、阴茎 SCC 的发病情况、5 年相对生存率和死亡率。
通过高质量的全国性登记册，确定了高级别 PeIN 和阴茎癌的新发病例。以每 10 万人年为单位，估计标准化（世界）发病率和平均年百分比变化（AAPC）。对于阴茎 SCC，计算了 5 年相对生存率，并采用 Cox 回归分析了选定特征对死亡率的影响。
总共诊断出 1070 例高级别 PeIN（1997-2018 年），1997-1998 年至 2017-2018 年，发病率从每 10 万人年 0.87 升至 1.84（AAPC=4.73；95%CI：3.54-5.94）。我们发现了 1216 例阴茎癌病例（1997-2018 年）（95.7%为 SCC）。1997-1998 年，阴茎 SCC 的发病率为每 10 万人年 0.85，2017-2018 年略微上升至每 10 万人年 1.13（AAPC=1.01；95%CI：0.24-1.79）。阴茎 SCC 的 5 年相对生存率没有明显变化，而死亡率呈下降趋势。
丹麦阴茎 SCC 的发病率略有上升，而高级别 PeIN 的发病率显著上升。阴茎癌的 5 年相对生存率随时间相对稳定。人群中 HPV 感染的暴露率增加可能导致了 PeIN 和阴茎 SCC 的增加。HPV 意识的提高可能也促进了 PeIN 的检出率增加。
