Rutar Jasmina Masten, Strojnik Lidija, Nečemer Marijan, Bontempo Luana, Ogrinc Nives
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Foods. 2023 Jan 27;12(3):562. doi: 10.3390/foods12030562.
While the demand for dietary supplements continues to grow, product inspection in terms of authenticity and safety remains limited. This study used the stable isotope ratios of light elements (C, N, S, H, and O) and the elemental composition to characterize dietary supplements available on the Slovenian market. Forty-six samples were labelled as originating from the EU (1), non-EU (6), Hawaii (2), Italy (2), Japan (1), Portugal (2), Taiwan (3), India (4), and China (16), and nine products were without a declared origin. Stable isotope ratio median values were -23.9‱ (-26.0 to -21.8‱) for C, 4.80‱ (1.30-8.02‱) for N, 11.0‱ (6.79-12.7‱) for S, -173‱ (- 190 to -158‱) for H, and 17.2‱ (15.8-18.8‱) for O. Multivariate statistical analyses achieved a reliable differentiation of Hawaiian, Italian, and Portuguese (100%) samples and a good separation of Chinese samples, while the separation of Indian and Taiwanese samples was less successful, but still notable. The study showed that differences in isotopic and elemental composition are indicative of sample origins, cultivation and processing methods, and environmental conditions such that, when combined, they provide a promising tool for determining the authenticity of products.
尽管膳食补充剂的需求持续增长，但在产品真伪和安全性方面的检查仍然有限。本研究利用轻元素（碳、氮、硫、氢和氧）的稳定同位素比率以及元素组成来表征斯洛文尼亚市场上的膳食补充剂。46个样本被标记为原产于欧盟（1个）、非欧盟（6个）、夏威夷（2个）、意大利（2个）、日本（1个）、葡萄牙（2个）、台湾（3个）、印度（4个）和中国（16个），还有9种产品未标明产地。碳的稳定同位素比率中位数为-23.9‰（-26.0至-21.8‰），氮为4.80‰（1.30 - 8.02‰），硫为11.0‰（6.79 - 12.7‰），氢为-173‰（-190至-158‰），氧为17.2‰（15.8 - 18.8‰）。多变量统计分析实现了对夏威夷、意大利和葡萄牙样本（100%）的可靠区分以及对中国样本的良好分离，而印度和台湾样本的分离效果稍差，但仍较为显著。该研究表明，同位素和元素组成的差异可指示样本来源、种植和加工方法以及环境条件，因此综合起来可为确定产品真伪提供一个有前景的工具。
