Christodoulou Christos, Mavrommatis Alexandros, Loukovitis Dimitris, Symeon George, Dotas Vassilios, Kotsampasi Basiliki, Tsiplakou Eleni
Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Department of Animal Production, Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jan 22;13(3):377. doi: 10.3390/ani13030377.
Supplementing ruminant diets with unconventional feedstuffs ( seeds; CS) rich in bioactive molecules such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, may prove a potential eco-efficient strategy to manipulate rumen microbiome towards efficiency. Forty-eight ewes were divided into four homogenous groups ( = 12) according to their fat-corrected milk yield (6%), body weight, and age, and were fed individually with concentrate, alfalfa hay, and wheat straw. The concentrate of the control group (CON) had no CS inclusion, whereas the treated groups were supplemented with CS at 60 (CS6), 110 (CS11), and 160 (CS16) g·kg of concentrate, respectively. Rumen digesta was collected using an esophageal tube and then liquid and solid particles were separated using cheesecloth layers. An initial bacteriome screening using next-generation sequencing of 16S was followed by specific microbes targeting with a RT-qPCR platform, which unveiled the basic changes of the rumen microbiota under CS supplementation levels. The relative abundances of Archaea and methanogens were significantly reduced in the solid particles of CS11 and CS16. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Protozoa was significantly increased in both rumen fluid and solid particles of the CS6, whereas that of Fungi was significantly reduced in the rumen particle of the CS16. In rumen fluid, the relative abundance of and were significantly increased in the CS6 and CS11, respectively. In the solid particles of the CS11, the relative abundance of was significantly reduced, whereas those of and were significantly increased. Additionally, the relative abundance of was significantly increased in both CS11 and CS16. Consequently, the highest CS content in the concentrate reduced the relative abundance of methanogens without inducing radical changes in rumen microorganisms that could impair ruminal fermentation and ewes' performance.
用富含生物活性分子（如多不饱和脂肪酸）的非常规饲料原料（种子；CS）补充反刍动物日粮，可能是一种潜在的生态高效策略，可使瘤胃微生物群向高效方向发展。48只母羊根据其脂肪校正乳产量（6%）、体重和年龄分为四个同质组（每组12只），并分别用精饲料、苜蓿干草和小麦秸秆进行饲喂。对照组（CON）的精饲料不添加CS，而处理组分别在精饲料中添加60（CS6）、110（CS11）和160（CS16）克/千克的CS。使用食管管收集瘤胃消化物，然后用粗棉布层分离液体和固体颗粒。首先使用16S下一代测序进行初步细菌群落筛选，然后使用RT-qPCR平台靶向特定微生物，这揭示了在不同CS添加水平下瘤胃微生物群的基本变化。CS11和CS16的固体颗粒中，古菌和产甲烷菌的相对丰度显著降低。此外，CS6的瘤胃液和固体颗粒中，原生动物的相对丰度均显著增加，而CS16的瘤胃颗粒中真菌的相对丰度显著降低。在瘤胃液中，CS6和CS11中 和 的相对丰度分别显著增加。在CS11的固体颗粒中， 的相对丰度显著降低，而 和 的相对丰度显著增加。此外，CS11和CS16中 的相对丰度均显著增加。因此，精饲料中最高的CS含量降低了产甲烷菌的相对丰度，而不会引起瘤胃微生物的剧烈变化，从而不会损害瘤胃发酵和母羊的生产性能。
