Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece.
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
Animal. 2022 Sep;16(9):100621. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100621. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
Camelina sativa is an alternative protein source (with a specific amino acid profile) rich also in bioactive compounds (such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants), which have immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to assess the impact of the dietary inclusion level of Camelina seeds, on the expression levels of key genes involved in ewes' innate immunity. Forty-eight dairy ewes were assigned into four homogenous groups of 12 animals that were fed individually with alfalfa hay, wheat straw, and concentrate. The concentrate of the control group (CON) had no Camelina seeds, while in the treated groups, Camelina seeds (CSs) were incorporated at 6 (CS6), 11 (CS11), and 16% (CS16) in the concentrates, respectively, as partial substitution of both soybean meal and maize grain. The relative transcript levels of the immune-related genes were determined using a real-time PCR platform. The relative transcript levels of toll-interleukin receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β, tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3, Interferon regulatory factor 5, and Mitogen-activated protein kinase were upregulated in monocytes of the CS11-fed ewes. Furthermore, in the CS6-fed ewes, the relative transcript levels of Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) were upregulated in monocytes compared to the CON, while those of IL1B, Interleukin-8, and Interleukin-10 were upregulated in neutrophils compared to the CON and the CS11-fed ewes. The highest inclusion level of CS (CS16) did not have a negative impact on ewes' innate immunity. The response of monocytes on dietary amino acid (mainly threonine, tyrosine, serine, and lysine) changes related to Camelina inclusion is different from that of neutrophils. The observed responses need to be further investigated.
荠蓝是一种替代蛋白质来源（具有特定的氨基酸谱），还富含具有免疫调节特性的生物活性化合物（如多不饱和脂肪酸和抗氧化剂）。本研究旨在评估日粮中荠蓝种子的添加水平对绵羊先天免疫相关关键基因表达水平的影响。将 48 只奶绵羊分为 4 个同质组，每组 12 只，分别单独用紫花苜蓿干草、小麦秸秆和浓缩饲料喂养。对照组（CON）的浓缩饲料不含荠蓝种子，而在处理组中，荠蓝种子（CSs）分别以 6%（CS6）、11%（CS11）和 16%（CS16）的比例添加到浓缩饲料中，部分替代豆粕和玉米。采用实时 PCR 平台测定免疫相关基因的相对转录水平。在 CS11 喂养的绵羊的单核细胞中，Toll 样受体-含域衔接诱导干扰素-β、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子 3、干扰素调节因子 5 和丝裂原激活蛋白激酶的相对转录水平上调。此外，在 CS6 喂养的绵羊中，与 CON 相比，单核细胞中白细胞介素-1β（IL1B）的相对转录水平上调，而与 CON 和 CS11 喂养的绵羊相比，中性粒细胞中白细胞介素-8 和白细胞介素-10 的相对转录水平上调。最高的 CS（CS16）添加水平对绵羊的先天免疫没有负面影响。与荠蓝添加相关的日粮氨基酸（主要是苏氨酸、酪氨酸、丝氨酸和赖氨酸）变化对单核细胞的反应与中性粒细胞不同。需要进一步研究观察到的反应。
