鼓励并加强 COVID-19 大流行期间的安全母乳喂养实践。
Encouraging and Reinforcing Safe Breastfeeding Practices during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
机构信息
Department of Surgery, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 18;20(3):1756. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031756.
AIM
Promote safe breastfeeding during the pandemic.
METHODS
All participants were encouraged to request safe breastfeeding education from their prenatal provider. Pregnant mothers received appropriate breastfeeding and COVID-19 safe breastfeeding education in line with the CDC's COVID-19 breastfeeding guidelines. Data were obtained from 39 mothers attending Nashville General Hospital pediatric well-baby clinics (Group I: from December 2019 to June 2020) and 97 pregnant women attending prenatal clinics (Group II: from July 2020 to August 2021).
RESULTS
The participants' ages ranged from 15 to 45 years, with a mean of 27.5 ± 6.2. The women in both groups were similar in age, education, employment, and breastfeeding experience. They were equally unlikely to use face masks at home even while receiving guests or holding their babies. Although 121 (89.0%) women claimed face mask use while shopping, the rate for never doing so was 7 (18.0%) vs. 8 (8.3%) ( < 0.006) for Groups I and II, respectively. Safe practices included limited outing (66 (48.5%)), sanitized hands (62 (45.6%)), restricted visitors (44 (32.4%)), and limited baby outing (27 (19.9%)), and 8 (8.3%) in Group II received COVID-19 vaccinations. About half described fair and accurate COVID-19 safe breastfeeding knowledge, but 22 (30.1%) of them claimed they received no information. Breastfeeding contraindication awareness for Groups I and II were as follows: cocaine = 53.8% vs. 37.1%, < 0.06; HIV = 35.9% vs. 12.4%, < 0.002; breast cancer = 17.9% vs. 16.5%; and COVID-19 with symptoms = 28.2% vs. 5.2%, < 0.001. The information source was similar, with family, friends, and media accounting for 77 (56.6%) of women while doctors, nurses, and the CLC was the source for 21 (15.4%) women. Exclusive breastfeeding one month postpartum for Groups I and II was 41.9% and 12.8% ( < 0.006), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The mothers were not more knowledgeable regarding breastfeeding safely one year into the COVID-19 pandemic. Conflicting lay information can create healthy behavior ambivalence, which can be prevented by health professionals confidently advising mothers to wear face masks when breastfeeding, restricting visitors and outings, and accepting COVID-19 vaccination. This pandemic remains an open opportunity to promote and encourage breastfeeding to every mother as the default newborn feeding method.
目的
在大流行期间促进安全母乳喂养。
方法
鼓励所有参与者向产前提供者要求安全母乳喂养教育。根据美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的 COVID-19 母乳喂养指南，对孕妇进行适当的母乳喂养和 COVID-19 安全母乳喂养教育。数据来自纳什维尔综合医院儿科婴儿诊所的 39 名母亲（第 I 组：2019 年 12 月至 2020 年 6 月）和 97 名产前诊所的孕妇（第 II 组：2020 年 7 月至 2021 年 8 月）。
结果
参与者年龄在 15 至 45 岁之间，平均年龄为 27.5±6.2 岁。两组女性在年龄、教育程度、就业和母乳喂养经验方面相似。即使在家接待客人或抱着婴儿，她们同样不太可能戴口罩。尽管 121 名（89.0%）女性声称在购物时使用口罩，但从不使用口罩的比例为 7 名（18.0%）vs. 8 名（8.3%）（<0.006），分别为第 I 组和第 II 组。安全做法包括限制外出（66 名（48.5%））、消毒双手（62 名（45.6%））、限制访客（44 名（32.4%））和限制婴儿外出（27 名（19.9%）），第 II 组中有 8 名（8.3%）接种了 COVID-19 疫苗。大约一半的人表示对 COVID-19 安全母乳喂养知识有较好的了解，但其中 22 人（30.1%）表示没有获得任何信息。第 I 组和第 II 组的母乳喂养禁忌意识如下：可卡因=53.8% vs. 37.1%，<0.06；HIV=35.9% vs. 12.4%，<0.002；乳腺癌=17.9% vs. 16.5%；有症状的 COVID-19=28.2% vs. 5.2%，<0.001。信息来源相似，家庭、朋友和媒体占 77 名女性（56.6%），而医生、护士和 CLC 是 21 名女性（15.4%）的信息来源。第 I 组和第 II 组产后一个月的纯母乳喂养率分别为 41.9%和 12.8%（<0.006）。
结论
在 COVID-19 大流行一年后，母亲们在安全母乳喂养方面的知识并没有增加。相互矛盾的非专业信息可能会导致健康行为的矛盾，这可以通过健康专业人员自信地建议母亲在母乳喂养时戴口罩、限制访客和外出以及接受 COVID-19 疫苗来预防。这场大流行仍然是一个向每位母亲宣传和鼓励母乳喂养的机会，使其成为新生儿的默认喂养方式。
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