School of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 22;20(3):2043. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032043.
Regarding the background of the "urban-rural dual structure", the scientific evaluation of the relationship between urban and rural water resource systems is of great significance for alleviating water use contradictions and optimizing water resource allocation. Based on the theory of water poverty, the coupling coordination model was used to quantify the relationship between the urban and rural water resource systems in northwest China from 2000 to 2020; furthermore, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanism were studied by using spatial autocorrelation, a hot spot analysis and the Tobit model. The result showed the following: ① The scores of urban and rural water poverty have risen significantly, and the urban and rural water resource systems have improved significantly. Among them, urban water poverty demonstrated a tiered pattern of "east-middle-west", and rural water poverty demonstrated a pattern of collapse of "high on both sides and low in the middle". ② The overall degree of coupling coordination between urban and rural water poverty has greatly improved. However, nearly 70% of the regions are still of the basic uncoordinated type, and the differences between regions have been gradually expanding, showing a state of agglomeration in space, mainly of the low-high and high-high agglomeration types. The hot spot area was mainly concentrated in the southeast area, showing a gradual expansion trend, and the cold spot area was mainly concentrated in the central area, showing a gradual shrinking trend. ③ The level of economic development, industrial structure and agricultural production demonstrated a positive impact on the degree of coupling coordination. The degree of industrialization, the level of opening, technological progress, population size, expenditure on supporting agriculture and environmental regulation had different effects on the degree of regional coupling coordination. Different strategies should be adopted to promote the coupled and coordinated development of urban and rural water resource systems.
关于“城乡二元结构”背景下，科学评价城乡水资源系统关系对于缓解用水矛盾、优化水资源配置具有重要意义。基于水贫困理论，采用耦合协调模型定量测度 2000—2020 年中国西北城乡水资源系统关系，并利用空间自相关、热点分析和 Tobit 模型探讨其时空演变特征及驱动机制。结果表明：①城乡水贫困程度呈显著上升趋势，城乡水资源系统改善明显。其中，城镇水贫困呈“东—中—西”阶梯状格局，农村水贫困呈“两极坍塌”格局。②城乡水贫困耦合协调度整体大幅提升，但仍有近 70%的地区处于基本失调型，区域差异逐渐扩大，空间上呈集聚状态，主要为低—高和高—高集聚类型。热点区主要集中在东南部，呈逐渐扩大趋势，冷点区主要集中在中部地区，呈逐渐缩小趋势。③经济发展水平、产业结构和农业生产对耦合协调度具有正向影响。工业化程度、对外开放水平、技术进步、人口规模、农业支持投入和环境规制对区域耦合协调度的影响存在差异。应采取不同策略促进城乡水资源系统的耦合协调发展。
