School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton G72 0LH, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 27;20(3):2238. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032238.
There is growing evidence linking exposure to air pollution and traffic noise with hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of registered hypertension cases and hypertension rate with exposure to air pollution and road noise. In this cross-sectional study, we linked the information from the NHS Scotland database of 776,579 hypertension patients' registrations and rates per 13.80 people at the Scottish NHS Board, HSCP, Cluster, and GP practice levels. Based on the geospatial attributes, the data on residential areas were added by modelling annual average air pollutant concentrations, including particulate matter (PM and PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and road-traffic noise at different frequency components (Lden). The relationships between exposure to road noise, air pollution, and hypertension were examined using multiple regression and multivariate analysis. Traffic noise and air pollution at various frequency components positively and negatively predicted registered hypertension cases and hypertension rate. Based on the canonical loading technique, the variance explained by the canonical independent variable at a canonical correlation of 0.342 is 89%. There is a significant correlation between joint air pollution and noise at different frequency components and combined registered hypertension cases and hypertension rate. Exploring the combined effects of the two environmental exposures and the joint modelling of noise and air pollutants with hypertension in geospatial views provides an opportunity to integrate environmental and health data to support spatial assessment strategies in public and environmental health.
越来越多的证据表明，暴露于空气污染和交通噪声与高血压有关。本研究旨在探讨登记的高血压病例和高血压发病率与空气污染和道路交通噪声暴露之间的关联。在这项横断面研究中，我们将苏格兰国民保健系统（NHS）数据库中 776579 例高血压患者的登记信息和每 13.80 人在苏格兰国民保健系统委员会、卫生和社会护理合作伙伴、集群和全科医生实践层面的发病率相关联。基于地理空间属性，通过对年平均空气污染物浓度（包括颗粒物[PM10 和 PM2.5]、二氧化氮[NO2]和道路交通噪声在不同频率成分[Lden]）进行建模，添加了有关居住区域的数据。使用多元回归和多变量分析方法研究了道路交通噪声和空气污染与高血压之间的关系。道路交通噪声和不同频率成分的空气污染均正向和负向预测了登记的高血压病例和高血压发病率。根据典型负荷技术，典型相关为 0.342 时，典型独立变量解释的方差为 89%。不同频率成分的联合空气污染和噪声与联合登记的高血压病例和高血压发病率之间存在显著相关性。探索两种环境暴露的综合影响，并在地理空间视角下对噪声和空气污染物与高血压进行联合建模，为整合环境和健康数据以支持公共和环境卫生的空间评估策略提供了机会。
