Department of Biological and Medical Basis of Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 30;20(3):2473. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032473.
Modern volleyball requires a high level of motor preparation, specific body build and optimal body composition.
The aim of this study was to determine changes in body build, body composition and motor skills in young volleyball female players during an annual training cycle.
The research group was comprised of 36 female athletes aged 14-16 years, who were monitored throughout a whole season using a longitudinal study design. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Motor fitness was assessed with the following tests: vertical jumping tests (based on one-handed and two-handed reach, standing vertical jump and running vertical jump), standing long jump and 2 kg medicine ball throw. Measurements were carried out at the beginning of the preparatory period, after its completion, in the middle of the start period, at the end of the start period and during transition periods.
The study showed significant changes in body composition and motor fitness level during the annual training cycle. These changes differ in subsequent periods of the macrocycle. The most pronounced changes occurred after the preparatory period and concerned increases in fat-free mass, total water content and cell mass. A significant reduction in fat content was also noted at this point.
Systematic monitoring of morpho-functional changes in young female volleyball players over extended periods provides them a chance to maintain their optimal fitness level.
现代排球运动需要高水平的运动准备、特定的体型和最佳的身体成分。
本研究旨在确定年轻女子排球运动员在一个年度训练周期中体型、身体成分和运动技能的变化。
研究对象为 36 名 14-16 岁的女性运动员，采用纵向研究设计对其整个赛季进行监测。身体成分通过生物电阻抗分析进行评估。运动能力通过以下测试进行评估：垂直跳跃测试（基于单手和双手伸展、站立垂直跳跃和跑步垂直跳跃）、站立跳远和 2 公斤药球投掷。测量在准备期开始时、准备期结束时、起始期中期、起始期结束时和过渡期进行。
研究表明，在年度训练周期中，身体成分和运动能力水平发生了显著变化。这些变化在大周期的后续阶段有所不同。最显著的变化发生在准备期之后，涉及到去脂体重、总水量和细胞质量的增加。此时还注意到脂肪含量的显著减少。
对年轻女子排球运动员进行长期的形态功能变化系统监测，使她们有机会保持最佳的体能水平。
