The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different resistance training programs on jump performance and body composition of female volleyball players of the highest Spanish division league over 24 weeks of training. Ten female volleyball players (27.41 ± 4.94 years; 72.2 ± 8.5 kg; 179.7 ± 6.4 cm) completed 24 weeks of training and testing using a linear periodization, progressing from general conditioning (weeks 1-4), to hypertrophy (weeks 5-8), then to maximum strength and power (weeks 9-16) and concluding with a specific strength training (weeks 17-24). Body composition was measured using bioelectrical-impedance analysis, and neuromuscular capacity was estimated by squat jump, countermovement jump, Abalakov jump, and 2 repetition maxima (2RM). After initial evaluation (PRE), the players were tested on 3 different occasions (POST: fourth week, POST 1: eighth week and POST 2: 24th week) of the training cycle. Muscle mass increased on (4.5%, p < 0.05) and fat-free mass (4.38%, p < 0.05), whereas fat percent decreased (13.90%, p < 0.05). All neuromuscular performance tests were increased from PRE to POST 2 (ranging from 17.64 to 20.89%, p < 0.01) and from POST 1 to POST 2 (ranging from 4.62 to 7.56% p < 0.01). The results suggest that the volleyball players studied continued improving power and strength capacity together with body composition during the course of the study. Finally, as major application, these data provide normative and performance standards for female volleyball players.