State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Center for Biodiversity and Nature Reserve, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100043, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 31;20(3):2605. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032605.
Evaluating the protection effectiveness of natural protected areas is an important step in successful management. Adopting 330 natural protected areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as research subjects, the regional dominant ecosystem service function was selected, and various temporal and spatial analysis methods were employed to analyze the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of ecosystem service patterns from 2000 to 2020. Our results indicated that (1) the water conservation function stabilized after fluctuation and decline, the soil conservation function fluctuated upward, and the windbreak and sand fixation function exhibited an increase after a decreasing fluctuation. (2) The protection effectiveness of25 protected areas significantly improved, that of 151 protected areas improved, that of 84 protected areas stabilized, that of 56 protected areas worsened, and that of 14 protected areas significantly worsened. (3) The top three influencing factors in descending order were precipitation change > altitude > mining area density. (4) Remarkable protection results were achieved in national protected areas, established management institutions, earlier established areas (before 2000), and areas exhibiting alow built-up area density (<0.75%) and low mining density (<1%). Our study provides technical support for the construction and management of protected areas and improvement in ecosystem service functions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
评估自然保护区的保护效果是成功管理的重要步骤。本研究选取青藏高原的 330 个自然保护区作为研究对象，选择区域主导生态系统服务功能，采用多种时空分析方法，分析了 2000-2020 年生态系统服务格局的演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）水源涵养功能在波动下降后趋于稳定，土壤保持功能呈波动上升趋势，防风固沙功能呈先降后升的变化趋势；（2）25 个保护区的保护效果显著改善，151 个保护区的保护效果改善，84 个保护区的保护效果稳定，56 个保护区的保护效果恶化，14 个保护区的保护效果显著恶化；（3）影响保护效果的主导因素按重要性降序排列为降水量变化>海拔>矿区密度；（4）国家级保护区、建立管理机构、建立较早（2000 年以前）、建成区密度低（<0.75%）和矿区密度低（<1%）的保护区保护效果显著。本研究为青藏高原自然保护区建设管理和生态系统服务功能改善提供了技术支撑。
