Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 19;24(3):2001. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032001.
Blue whiting (BW) represents an underutilised fish species containing a high-quality protein and amino acid (AA) profile with numerous potentially bioactive peptide sequences, making BW an economic and sustainable alternative source of protein. This study investigated the impact of three different BW protein hydrolysates (BWPH-X, Y and Z) on growth, proliferation and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in skeletal muscle (C2C12) myotubes. BWPHs were hydrolysed using different enzymatic and heat exposures and underwent simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID), each resulting in a high degree of hydrolysis (33.41-37.29%) and high quantities of low molecular mass peptides (86.17-97.12% <1 kDa). C2C12 myotubes were treated with 1 mg protein equivalent/mL of SGID-BWPHs for 4 h. Muscle growth and myotube thickness were analysed using an xCelligence™ platform. Anabolic signalling (phosphorylation of mTOR, rpS6 and 4E-BP1) and MPS measured by puromycin incorporation were assessed using immunoblotting. BWPH-X significantly increased muscle growth ( < 0.01) and myotube thickness ( < 0.0001) compared to the negative control (amino acid and serum free media). Muscle protein synthesis (MPS), as measured by puromycin incorporation, was significantly higher after incubation with BWPH-X compared with the negative control, but did not significantly change in response to BWPH-Y and Z treatments. Taken together, these preliminary findings demonstrate the anabolic potential of some but not all BWPHs on muscle enhancement, thus providing justification for human dietary intervention studies to confirm and translate the results of such investigations to dietary recommendations and practices.
狭鳕（BW）是一种未充分利用的鱼类，其蛋白质和氨基酸（AA）含量高，具有许多潜在的生物活性肽序列，是一种经济且可持续的蛋白质替代来源。本研究探讨了三种不同的狭鳕蛋白水解物（BWPH-X、Y 和 Z）对骨骼肌（C2C12）肌管生长、增殖和肌肉蛋白合成（MPS）的影响。使用不同的酶和热暴露水解 BWPH，并进行模拟胃肠道消化（SGID），结果均导致高度水解（33.41-37.29%）和大量低分子量肽（86.17-97.12% <1 kDa）。用 1mg 蛋白当量/mL 的 SGID-BWPH 处理 C2C12 肌管 4 小时。使用 xCelligenceTM 平台分析肌肉生长和肌管厚度。通过免疫印迹评估通过嘌呤霉素掺入测量的合成代谢信号（mTOR、rpS6 和 4E-BP1 的磷酸化）和 MPS。与阴性对照（氨基酸和无血清培养基）相比，BWPH-X 显著增加肌肉生长（ < 0.01）和肌管厚度（ < 0.0001）。与阴性对照相比，用 BWPH-X 孵育后，肌肉蛋白合成（MPS），如通过嘌呤霉素掺入测量的，显著增加，但 BWPH-Y 和 Z 处理后没有显著变化。总之，这些初步发现表明，并非所有 BWPH 都具有促进肌肉增强的合成代谢潜力，因此有理由进行人体饮食干预研究，以确认和转化此类研究结果，为饮食建议和实践提供依据。
