Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 28;24(3):2504. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032504.
Meniere's disease (MD) is one of the most complicated diseases in the otologic clinic. The complexity of MD is partially due to the multifactorial etiological mechanisms and the heterogenous symptoms, including episodic vertigo, hearing loss, aural fullness and tinnitus. As a result, the diagnosis of MD and differentiating MD from other diseases with similar symptoms, such as vestibular migraine (VM), is challenging. In addition, it is difficult to predict the progression of hearing loss and the frequency of vertigo attacks. Detailed studies have revealed that functional markers, such as pure tone audiometry (PTA), electrocochleography (ECochG), vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP), caloric test, video head impulse test (vHIT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could help to evaluate MD with different hearing levels and frequency of vertigo attacks. Investigations of molecular markers such as autoimmunity, inflammation, protein signatures, vasopressin and circadian clock genes in MD are still underway. This review will summarize these functional and molecular markers, address how these markers are associated with hearing loss and vertigo attacks in MD, and analyze the results of the markers between MD and VM.
梅尼埃病（MD）是耳科临床中最复杂的疾病之一。MD 的复杂性部分归因于多因素的病因机制和异质的症状，包括阵发性眩晕、听力损失、耳闷和耳鸣。因此，MD 的诊断以及将 MD 与其他具有相似症状的疾病（如前庭性偏头痛，VM）区分开来具有挑战性。此外，预测听力损失的进展和眩晕发作的频率也很困难。详细的研究表明，功能标志物，如纯音听阈（PTA）、电耳蜗图（ECochG）、前庭诱发肌源性电位（VEMP）、冷热试验、视频头脉冲试验（vHIT）和磁共振成像（MRI），可以帮助评估具有不同听力水平和眩晕发作频率的 MD。对 MD 中的自身免疫、炎症、蛋白质特征、血管加压素和昼夜节律基因等分子标志物的研究仍在进行中。本文综述了这些功能和分子标志物，探讨了这些标志物与 MD 中的听力损失和眩晕发作的关系，并分析了 MD 和 VM 之间标志物的结果。
