State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Street, Nanchang 330006, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Jan 17;15(3):485. doi: 10.3390/nu15030485.
The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically review the relationships between lactation diet and the composition of mature breast milk through screening multiple databases and gray literatures, with priority given to quantitative articles published in Chinese and English. We identified 27 cross-sectional studies that included 4355 lactating women. According to these data, dietary patterns were categorized into four patterns based on the fat and protein energy supplying ratio, including rational-fat and rational-protein dietary (RR), high-fat and high-protein dietary (HH), rational-fat and high-protein dietary (RH), and high-fat and rational-protein dietary (HR). The results showed the fat content in mature milk was increased with increments of fat intake, while both the protein and lactose contents in mature milk did not increase with their intakes for lactating mothers. Among these four dietary patterns, the energy ratio of macronutrients in human milk at the RR was the closest to the estimated energy ratio for infants aged 0-6 M. In conclusion, our study represents that the rational dietary pattern should be advocated, and the irrational dietary patterns, especially high-fat and high-protein dietary patterns, should be avoided during lactation stage.
本荟萃分析旨在通过筛选多个数据库和灰色文献，系统地回顾哺乳期饮食与成熟母乳成分的关系，优先考虑中英文发表的定量文章。我们共纳入 27 项横断面研究，共纳入 4355 名哺乳期妇女。根据这些数据，基于脂肪和蛋白质能量供应比例，将膳食模式分为四种模式，包括合理脂肪和合理蛋白质膳食（RR）、高脂肪和高蛋白膳食（HH）、合理脂肪和高蛋白膳食（RH）和高脂肪和合理蛋白质膳食（HR）。结果表明，成熟乳中的脂肪含量随着脂肪摄入量的增加而增加，而成熟乳中的蛋白质和乳糖含量并不随哺乳期母亲的摄入量而增加。在这四种膳食模式中，RR 组人乳中宏量营养素的能量比例最接近 0-6M 婴儿的估计能量比例。总之，本研究表明哺乳期应提倡合理的膳食模式，避免不合理的膳食模式，尤其是高脂肪和高蛋白的膳食模式。
