Wu Wei, Balter Adi, Vodsky Victoria, Odetallh Yatreb, Ben-Dror Gai, Zhang Yumei, Zhao Ai
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Infant Nutrition R&D, IFF Health, Migdal HaEmeq, Israel.
Front Nutr. 2021 May 28;8:606950. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.606950. eCollection 2021.
Regional differences were found in breast milk composition. This study intended to profile the composition of fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) in Chinese breast milk and to explore its association with maternal diet. Breast milk samples and data of 52 lactating women at 60-90 days postpartum were collected. The FA composition was measured using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), and the TAG profile was detected by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system, coupled with accurate-mass quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A semi-quantitative food intake frequency questionnaire and a one-time 24-h dietary recall were used to evaluate the previous month's and the short-term dietary intake, including dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients. Oleic-palmitic-linoleic (OPL) is the most predominant TAG within the Chinese human milk, followed by oleic-palmitic-oleic (OPO), with an average OPL-to-OPO ratio of 1.35. Linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA) accounted for 23.9 and 32.0% of the total FAs, respectively. Among the food groups consumed during the preceding month, LA content was positively associated with the consumption of soybeans and soybean products ( = 0.311, = 0.030), whereas a negative correlation was identified with seafood consumption ( = -0.302, = 0.030). Negative correlations were found between the OA content and the consumption of soybeans and soybean products ( = -0.363, = 0.009), livestock and poultry meat ( = -0.375, = 0.006), nuts ( = -0.305, = 0.028), as well as cooking oil ( = -0.445, = 0.001). No significant associations were identified between the LA and OA contents and the dietary patterns. This study confirmed a high OPL level in Chinese breast milk and revealed associations of FAs with maternal dietary intake.
母乳成分存在地区差异。本研究旨在剖析中国母乳中脂肪酸（FA）和三酰甘油（TAG）的组成，并探讨其与母亲饮食的关联。收集了52名产后60 - 90天的哺乳期妇女的母乳样本及数据。采用气相色谱 - 火焰离子化检测（GC - FID）测定FA组成，通过超高效液相色谱系统结合精确质量四极杆飞行时间质谱仪检测TAG谱。使用半定量食物摄入频率问卷和一次性24小时饮食回顾来评估前一个月的和短期的饮食摄入量，包括饮食模式、食物类别和营养素。油酸 - 棕榈酸 - 亚油酸（OPL）是中国人乳中最主要的TAG，其次是油酸 - 棕榈酸 - 油酸（OPO），OPL与OPO的平均比例为1.35。亚油酸（LA）和油酸（OA）分别占总脂肪酸的23.9%和32.0%。在前一个月食用的食物类别中，LA含量与大豆及豆制品的摄入量呈正相关（ = 0.311， = 0.030），而与海鲜摄入量呈负相关（ = -0.302， = 0.030）。OA含量与大豆及豆制品的摄入量（ = -0.363， = 0.009）、畜禽肉（ = -0.375， = 0.006）、坚果（ = -0.305， = 0.028）以及食用油（ = -0.445， = 0.001）呈负相关。LA和OA含量与饮食模式之间未发现显著关联。本研究证实中国人乳中OPL水平较高，并揭示了脂肪酸与母亲饮食摄入量之间的关联。
