Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China.
Nanjing Jiangning District Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People's Republic of China.
Nutr J. 2021 Mar 3;20(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12937-021-00678-5.
The dietary nutritional status of the lactating mothers is related to maternal health and has a significant impact on the growth and development of infants through the secretion of breast milk. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is the most cost-effective dietary assessment method that can help obtain information on the usual dietary pattern of participants. Until now, the FFQs have been used for different populations in China, but there are few FFQs available for the lactating mothers. We aimed to develop a semi-quantitative, 156-item FFQ for the Chinese lactating mothers, and evaluate its reproducibility and relative validity.
A total of 112 lactating mothers completed two FFQs and one 3-d dietary record (3DR). The first FFQ (FFQ1) was conducted during postpartum at 60-65 days and the second FFQ (FFQ2) during subsequent follow-up at 5 weeks. The 3DR was completed with portion sizes assessed using photographs taken by the respondent before and after eating (instant photography) 1 week after FFQ1.
For reproducibility, the Spearman's correlation coefficients for food ranged from 0.34 to 0.68, and for nutrients from 0.25 to 0.61. Meanwhile, the intra-class correlation coefficients for food ranged from 0.48 to 0.87, and for nutrients from 0.27 to 0.70. For relative validity, the Spearman's correlation coefficients for food ranged from 0.32 to 0.56, and for nutrients from 0.23 to 0.72. The energy-adjusted coefficients for food ranged from 0.26 to 0.55, and for nutrients from 0.22 to 0.47. Moreover, the de-attenuation coefficients for food ranged from 0.34 to 0.67, and for nutrients from 0.28 to 0.77. The Bland-Altman plots also showed reasonably acceptable agreement between the two methods.
This FFQ is a reasonably reproducible and a relative valid tool for assessing dietary intake of the Chinese lactating mothers.
哺乳期母亲的膳食营养状况与母婴健康密切相关，并通过母乳分泌对婴儿的生长发育产生重大影响。食物频率问卷（FFQ）是一种最具成本效益的膳食评估方法，可以帮助获取参与者通常的饮食模式信息。到目前为止，FFQ 已在中国不同人群中使用，但针对哺乳期母亲的 FFQ 却很少。我们旨在开发一种半定量的、包含 156 个项目的中国哺乳期母亲 FFQ，并评估其可重复性和相对有效性。
共有 112 名哺乳期母亲完成了两份 FFQ 和一份 3 天的饮食记录（3DR）。第一份 FFQ（FFQ1）在产后 60-65 天进行，第二份 FFQ（FFQ2）在随后的 5 周随访时进行。3DR 是在 FFQ1 后 1 周，通过受访者在进食前后（即时摄影）用照片评估份量来完成的。
在可重复性方面，食物的 Spearman 相关系数范围为 0.34 至 0.68，营养素的范围为 0.25 至 0.61。同时，食物的组内相关系数范围为 0.48 至 0.87，营养素的范围为 0.27 至 0.70。在相对有效性方面，食物的 Spearman 相关系数范围为 0.32 至 0.56，营养素的范围为 0.23 至 0.72。食物的能量调整系数范围为 0.26 至 0.55，营养素的范围为 0.22 至 0.47。此外，食物的去衰减系数范围为 0.34 至 0.67，营养素的范围为 0.28 至 0.77。Bland-Altman 图也显示了两种方法之间相当可接受的一致性。
本 FFQ 是一种评估中国哺乳期母亲膳食摄入量的可重复性和相对有效性均较好的工具。
