School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
DETECT, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023 Apr;234:103861. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103861. Epub 2023 Feb 9.
The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been significant, with many regions across the globe reporting significant increases in anxiety, depression, trauma, and insomnia. This study aims to validate a potential cognitive model of maintenance factors of COVID-19 related distress by examining psychological predictors of distress, and their goodness-of-fit as a coherent model. Participants from the general population (n = 555) were recruited using a cross-sectional on-line survey design, assessing Demographic factors, Anxiety, Depression, Loneliness, COVID-19 related distress, Trauma Cognitions related to COVID-19, Rumination, Safety Behaviours, Personality Factors, and Mental Effort related to COVID-19. A series of stepwise linear regressions found that components of the model were significant and accounted for a large percentage of variance when examining Covid-19 related distress (R = 0.447 Covid Stress Scale), Anxiety (R = 0.536 DASS-Anxiety Subscale) and Depression (R = 0.596 Depression DASS-subscale). In a confirmatory factor analysis, Loneliness, Post-Traumatic Cognitions about Self, Post-Traumatic Cognitions about the World, Emotional Stability, and Mental Effort related to COVID-19 loaded onto a single factor. The final model showed adequate fit (CFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.053 (0.027-0.080), GFI = 0.986, SRMR = 0.0216, χ2 = 23.087, p = .006). The results highlight the importance of cognitive factors, such as post-traumatic cognitions, rumination, and mental effort in maintaining COVID-19 related distress.
新冠疫情对心理健康造成了重大影响，全球许多地区报告焦虑、抑郁、创伤和失眠症显著增加。本研究旨在通过检验与新冠相关的困扰的心理预测因子及其作为一个连贯模型的适配度，验证新冠相关困扰维持因素的潜在认知模型。采用横断面在线调查设计，从一般人群中招募参与者（n=555），评估人口统计学因素、焦虑、抑郁、孤独、与新冠相关的困扰、与新冠相关的创伤认知、反刍、安全行为、人格因素和与新冠相关的心理努力。一系列逐步线性回归发现，当检验与新冠相关的困扰（Covid 压力量表的 R=0.447）、焦虑（DASS 焦虑子量表的 R=0.536）和抑郁（DASS 抑郁子量表的 R=0.596）时，模型的组成部分是显著的，并且解释了很大比例的方差。在验证性因素分析中，孤独感、对自我的创伤后认知、对世界的创伤后认知、情绪稳定性和与新冠相关的心理努力被加载到一个单一因素上。最终模型显示出较好的适配度（CFI=0.990，TLI=0.983，RMSEA=0.053（0.027-0.080），GFI=0.986，SRMR=0.0216，χ2=23.087，p=0.006）。结果强调了认知因素的重要性，如创伤后认知、反刍和心理努力，它们在维持与新冠相关的困扰方面发挥作用。
