Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia.
Environ Res. 2023 Apr 15;223:115485. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115485. Epub 2023 Feb 11.
Chromium (Cr) is reported to be hazardous to environmental components and surrounding biota when levels exceed allowable thresholds. As Cr is extensively utilized in different industries, thereby comprehensively studied for its toxicity. Along with Cr, the applications of nano-Cr or chromium oxide nanoparticles (CrO-NPs) are also expanding; however, the literature is scarce or limited on their phytotoxicity. Thereby, the current work investigated the morpho-physiological insights of macro- and nanoparticles of Cr in Hordeum vulgare L. plants. The increased accumulation and translocation of Cr under the exposure of both forms disturbed the cellular metabolism that might have inhibited germination and growth as well as interfered with the photosynthesis of plants. The overall extent of toxicity was noticeably higher under nanoparticles' exposure than macroparticles of Cr. The potential cue for such phytotoxic consequences mediated by Cr nanoparticles could be an increased bioavailability of Cr ions which was also supported by their total content, mobility, and factor toxicity index. Besides, to support further these findings, synchrotron X-ray technique was used to reliably identify Cr-containing compounds in the plant tissues. The X-ray spectra of the near spectral region and the far region of the spectrum of K-edge of Cr were obtained, and it was established that the dominant crystalline phase corresponds to CrO (eskolaite) from the recorded observations. Thus, the obtained results would allow revealing the mechanism of macro- and nanoparticles of Cr induced impacts on plant at the tissue, cellular- and sub-cellular levels.
铬 (Cr) 被报道在超过允许阈值时对环境成分和周围生物群有害。由于 Cr 在不同行业中广泛使用，因此对其毒性进行了广泛研究。除了 Cr 之外，纳米 Cr 或氧化铬纳米粒子 (CrO-NPs) 的应用也在扩大；然而，关于它们的植物毒性的文献很少或有限。因此，目前的工作研究了 Cr 的宏观和纳米颗粒在大麦 (Hordeum vulgare L.) 植物中的形态生理见解。两种形式暴露下 Cr 的积累和迁移增加扰乱了细胞代谢，可能抑制了发芽和生长，并干扰了植物的光合作用。在纳米颗粒暴露下，毒性的总体程度明显高于 Cr 的宏观颗粒。Cr 纳米颗粒介导的这种植物毒性后果的潜在线索可能是 Cr 离子的生物利用度增加，这也得到了它们的总含量、迁移率和因子毒性指数的支持。此外，为了进一步支持这些发现，使用同步加速器 X 射线技术可靠地鉴定了植物组织中的含 Cr 化合物。获得了 Cr 的 K 边近谱区和远谱区的 X 射线光谱，并且从记录的观察结果中确定了主要的结晶相对应于 CrO（eskolaite）。因此，获得的结果将允许揭示宏观和纳米颗粒 Cr 诱导的对植物的组织、细胞和亚细胞水平的影响的机制。
