College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest-Minzu University, Chengdu, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 4;13:1066268. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1066268. eCollection 2022.
The erythrocyte membranes used in nanovaccines include high membrane stability, long circulation life, adaptability and extremely good bio compatibility. Nanoparticles encapsulated by erythrocyte membranes are widely used as ideal drug delivery vehicles because of their high drug loading, long circulation time, and excellent biocompatibility. The mannose modification of delivery materials can help target mannose receptors (MRs) to deliver antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
In this study, the antigen gene gp90 of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was encapsulated with carboxymethyl chitosan (CS) to obtain CSgp90 nanoparticles, which were coated with mannose-modied fowl erythrocyte membranes to yield CS-gp90@M-M nanoparticles. The physicochemical characterization and immune response of the CS-gp90@M-M nanoparticles were investigated and .
CS-gp90@M-M nanoparticles were rapidly phagocytized in vitro by macrophages to induce the production of cytokines and nitric oxide. In vivo, CS-gp90@M-M nanoparticles increased cytokine levels, the CD4+/8+ ratio, REV-specific antibodies in the peripheral blood of chicks, and the mRNA levels of immune-related genes in the spleen and bursa of immunized chicks. CS-gp90@M-M nanoparticles could be targeted to lymphoid organs to prolong the retention time of the nanoparticles at the injection site and lymphatic organs, leading to a strong, sustained immune response. Moreover, the CS-gp90@M-M nano-vaccine showed a lasting immunoprotective effect and improved the body weight of chicks after the challenge.
Overall, CS-gp90@M-M nanoparticles can be used in vaccine designs as an effective delivery carrier with immune response-enhancing effects.
红细胞膜被用于纳米疫苗，因为它具有高膜稳定性、长循环寿命、适应性和极好的生物相容性。被红细胞膜包裹的纳米颗粒因其高载药量、长循环时间和极好的生物相容性而被广泛用作理想的药物传递载体。递送材料的甘露糖修饰有助于将抗原递呈给抗原呈递细胞（APCs）的甘露糖受体（MR）。
在这项研究中，禽网状内皮增生病病毒（REV）的抗原基因 gp90 被包裹在羧甲基壳聚糖（CS）中，得到 CSgp90 纳米颗粒，然后用甘露糖修饰的鸡红细胞膜对其进行包被，得到 CS-gp90@M-M 纳米颗粒。研究了 CS-gp90@M-M 纳米颗粒的理化性质和免疫反应。
CS-gp90@M-M 纳米颗粒在体外被巨噬细胞迅速吞噬，诱导细胞因子和一氧化氮的产生。在体内，CS-gp90@M-M 纳米颗粒增加了雏鸡外周血中的细胞因子水平、CD4+/8+比值、REV 特异性抗体以及免疫雏鸡脾脏和法氏囊的免疫相关基因的 mRNA 水平。CS-gp90@M-M 纳米颗粒可以靶向淋巴器官，延长纳米颗粒在注射部位和淋巴器官中的保留时间，从而产生强烈、持续的免疫反应。此外，CS-gp90@M-M 纳米疫苗具有持久的免疫保护作用，提高了攻毒后雏鸡的体重。
总之，CS-gp90@M-M 纳米颗粒可用作具有增强免疫反应效果的有效递送载体，用于疫苗设计。
