Mizuno Nobuyuki, Matsunaka Hitoshi, Yanaka Mikiko, Nakata Masaru, Nakamura Kazuhiro, Nakamaru Akiko, Kiribuchi-Otobe Chikako, Ishikawa Goro, Chono Makiko, Hatta Koichi, Fujita Masaya, Kobayashi Fuminori
Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan.
Kyusyu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka 833-0041, Japan.
Breed Sci. 2022 Dec;72(5):343-354. doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.22017. Epub 2022 Dec 6.
The timing of heading is largely affected by environmental conditions. In wheat, and have been identified as the major genes involved in vernalization requirement and photoperiod sensitivity, respectively. To compare the effects of and alleles on heading time under different environments, we genotyped and homoeologues and measured the heading time at Morioka, Tsukuba and Chikugo in Japan for two growing seasons. A total of 128 Japanese and six foreign varieties, classified into four populations based on the 519 genome-wide SNPs, were used for analysis. Varieties with the spring alleles ( or ) at the locus and insensitive allele (Hapl-I) at the locus were found in earlier heading varieties. The effects of and on heading time were stronger than those of the other and homoeologues. Analysis of variance revealed that heading time was significantly affected by the genotype-environment interactions. Some and alleles conferred earlier or later heading in specific environments, indicating that the effect of both alleles on the timing of heading depends on the environment. Information on and alleles, together with heading time in various environments, provide useful information for wheat breeding.
抽穗时间在很大程度上受环境条件影响。在小麦中，已分别鉴定出VRN和Ppd为涉及春化需求和光周期敏感性的主要基因。为了比较VRN和Ppd等位基因在不同环境下对抽穗时间的影响，我们对VRN和Ppd的同源基因进行了基因分型，并在日本盛冈、筑波和筑后两个生长季节测量了抽穗时间。基于519个全基因组单核苷酸多态性（SNP），将总共128个日本品种和6个国外品种分为四个群体用于分析。在抽穗较早的品种中发现了在VRN位点具有春性等位基因（VRN-A1或VRN-B1）以及在Ppd位点具有不敏感等位基因（单倍型I）的品种。VRN和Ppd对抽穗时间的影响比其他VRN和Ppd同源基因更强。方差分析表明，抽穗时间受基因型-环境互作的显著影响。一些VRN和Ppd等位基因在特定环境中导致抽穗更早或更晚，这表明两个等位基因对抽穗时间的影响取决于环境。VRN和Ppd等位基因的信息以及在各种环境下的抽穗时间，为小麦育种提供了有用信息。
