Bukuluki Paul, Kisaakye Peter, Wandiembe Symon Peter, Bulenzi-Gulere Grace, Mulindwa Beatrice, Bazira Dan, Letiyo Evelyn, Namirembe Hellen Nviiri Laetitia, Schmidt Isabella, Nabukhonzo Kakande Pamela, Nissling Simon
Department of Social Work and Social Administration, School of Social Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda.
Department of Population Studies, School of Statistics and Planning, Makerere University, Uganda.
EClinicalMedicine. 2023 Mar;57:101846. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101846. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
During the lockdowns to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda, women and girls, disproportionately, had increased exposure to gender-based violence (GBV). Access to high-quality and empowering information or knowledge to minimise the incidences of GBV for women, girls, men and boys, was, therefore, crucial. The purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics of the individuals who were unable to access such information, and if received information, was associated with more awareness in the populace.
The data analysed were from a cross-sectional nationally representative phone survey of individuals aged 18 years and above from all four regions of Uganda. The survey was carried out by Uganda Bureau of Statistics using a purely quantitative approach, and all questions were closed-ended. The sample was stratified by sex, age, and geographical region, and executed in November 2020, six months after COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Binary logistic regression analysis was used for data analysis in STATA software.
Female respondents with tertiary education (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.26, 0.85) and male respondents with tertiary education (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.49, 1.00) were more likely to receive information on GBV prevention. Both female (aOR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.88) and male (aOR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.87) respondents who were working had about a third the odds of being unable to access information about GBV prevention. Female respondents living in urban areas were associated with less odds of being unable to access the information (aOR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.00), while unmarried male respondents had higher odds of being unable to access the information (aOR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.89). Respondents who reported being vulnerable to GBV were also more likely to know someone who experienced GBV. This was similar for female respondents (PR = 3.00; 95% CI: 2.26, 3.98) and male respondents (PR = 3.01, 95% CI: 2.3, 3.95) (PR = 5.49; 95% CI = 4.12-7.30). Results also indicated that both male (PR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.43) and female respondents (PR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.37) who did not perceive themselves at risk of GBV were less likely to know a GBV survivor.
The individuals who were unable to access information had characteristics associated with GBV perpetration or victimization. Monitoring the dissemination and quality of information empowers individuals and communities to develop local solutions to GBV prevention and protection. The design of GBV prevention messages and delivery channels needs to take into consideration the risk factors at the different levels of the socio-ecological model (individual, community, institutional, and society). Interventions aimed at increasing access to information on GBV prevention should consider the different socio-demographic as well as context-specific factors.
There was no funding source for this study.
在乌干达为控制新冠疫情而实施封锁期间，妇女和女孩遭受性别暴力（GBV）的风险不成比例地增加。因此，获取高质量且具有赋权作用的信息或知识以尽量减少妇女、女孩、男子和男孩遭受性别暴力的发生率至关重要。本研究的目的是了解无法获取此类信息的个体特征，以及所接收的信息是否与民众中更高的认知度相关。
所分析的数据来自对乌干达所有四个地区18岁及以上个体进行的具有全国代表性的横断面电话调查。该调查由乌干达统计局采用纯定量方法进行，所有问题均为封闭式。样本按性别、年龄和地理区域分层，并于2020年11月实施，即新冠疫情封锁限制措施实施六个月后。使用STATA软件进行二元逻辑回归分析以进行数据分析。
受过高等教育的女性受访者（OR = 0.47；95%置信区间 = 0.26，0.85）和受过高等教育的男性受访者（OR = 0.70；95%置信区间：0.49，1.00）更有可能收到关于预防性别暴力的信息。在职的女性（调整后OR = 0.68；95%置信区间：0.52，0.88）和男性（调整后OR = 0.66；95%置信区间：0.50，0.87）受访者无法获取预防性别暴力信息的几率约为三分之一。居住在城市地区的女性受访者无法获取该信息的几率较低（调整后OR = 0.77；95%置信区间：0.59，1.00），而未婚男性受访者无法获取该信息的几率较高（调整后OR = 1.37；95%置信区间：1.00，1.89）。报告易遭受性别暴力的受访者也更有可能认识经历过性别暴力的人。女性受访者（PR = 3.00；95%置信区间：2.26，3.98）和男性受访者（PR = 3.01，95%置信区间：2.3，3.95）（PR = 5.49；95%置信区间 = 4.12 - 7.30）情况类似。结果还表明，认为自己没有性别暴力风险的男性（PR = 1.28；95%置信区间：1.14，1.43）和女性受访者（PR = 1.24；95%置信区间：1.11，1.37）认识性别暴力幸存者的可能性较小。
无法获取信息的个体具有与性别暴力实施或受害相关的特征。监测信息的传播和质量能使个人和社区有能力制定预防和保护性别暴力的本地解决方案。预防性别暴力信息和传播渠道的设计需要考虑社会生态模型不同层面（个人、社区、机构和社会）的风险因素。旨在增加获取预防性别暴力信息机会的干预措施应考虑不同的社会人口因素以及具体情况因素。
本研究没有资金来源。
