School of Social Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
School of Statistics and Planning, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
PLoS One. 2021 Sep 29;16(9):e0255281. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255281. eCollection 2021.
This paper uses data from a community cross-sectional survey to examine the factors that are associated with justification of physical violence against women. Results indicate that respondents who were married at the time of the survey were less likely (OR = 0.29; CI = 0.17-0.52) to agree that it is justified for a man to physically assault his partner that their counterparts who were single. The likelihood to justify physical violence was less likely to happen among respondents with primary education (OR = 0.49; CI = 0.39-0.62), secondary education (OR = 0.40; CI = 0.31-0.53) and vocation or tertiary education (OR = 0.28; CI = 0.19-0.41) than among respondents with no education. Protestants were less likely (OR = 0.77; CI = 0.64-0.94) to justify physical violence than the Catholics. Respondents who were not formally employed were more likely (OR = 1.66; CI = 1.32-2.08) to justify physical violence than their counterparts who were in formal employment in the last three months preceding the survey. Respondents who agreed that it is okay for a man to control his partner's movements (OR = 1.27; CI = 1.04-1.55), it is okay for a man to have sex with his wife anytime (OR = 2.28; CI = 1.87-2.78), alcohol is the main reason for violence against women (OR = 1.67; CI = 1.33-2.10), men need sex more than women (OR = 1.57; CI = 1.23-1.99) and women know where to obtain support in case of violence (OR = 1.42; CI = 1.00-2.02) were more likely to justify physical violence than respondents who disagreed. The likelihood to justify physical violence was less among respondents who agreed that: violence is not the only way to deal with disagreements (OR = 0.54; CI = 0.33-0.86), it is possible for men to stop violence (OR = 0.62; CI = 0.47-0.82) and it is acceptable for a woman to ask her partner to use a condom (OR = 0.61; CI = 0.51-0.73) than their counterparts who disagreed. There is need to increase investment in social norms change programmes in order to strengthen contestation of tolerance of physical violence among men and women in Uganda.
本文使用社区横断面调查的数据，研究了与暴力侵害妇女行为合理化相关的因素。结果表明，在调查时已婚的受访者不太可能（OR = 0.29；CI = 0.17-0.52）同意男性殴打伴侣是合理的，而未婚的受访者则更有可能同意。与没有受过教育的受访者相比，受过小学教育（OR = 0.49；CI = 0.39-0.62）、中学教育（OR = 0.40；CI = 0.31-0.53）和职业或高等教育（OR = 0.28；CI = 0.19-0.41）的受访者不太可能合理化身体暴力。与天主教徒相比，新教徒不太可能（OR = 0.77；CI = 0.64-0.94）合理化身体暴力。与过去三个月内从事正式工作的受访者相比，未从事正式工作的受访者更有可能（OR = 1.66；CI = 1.32-2.08）合理化身体暴力。受访者中，同意男性控制伴侣的行动是可以接受的（OR = 1.27；CI = 1.04-1.55）、男性可以随时与妻子发生性关系（OR = 2.28；CI = 1.87-2.78）、酒精是导致暴力侵害妇女的主要原因（OR = 1.67；CI = 1.33-2.10）、男性比女性更需要性（OR = 1.57；CI = 1.23-1.99）以及女性知道在发生暴力时可以在哪里获得支持（OR = 1.42；CI = 1.00-2.02）的受访者更有可能合理化身体暴力，而不同意的受访者则不然。同意以下观点的受访者不太可能合理化身体暴力：暴力不是解决分歧的唯一方法（OR = 0.54；CI = 0.33-0.86）、男性可以停止暴力（OR = 0.62；CI = 0.47-0.82）和女性可以要求伴侣使用避孕套是可以接受的（OR = 0.61；CI = 0.51-0.73）的受访者比例低于不同意的受访者。乌干达需要增加对社会规范变革方案的投资，以加强对男性和女性容忍身体暴力的质疑。
