Older adults and healthcare professionals have limited awareness of the link between the Mediterranean diet and the gut microbiome for healthy aging.

OBJECTIVES

Strategies to improve the gut microbiome through consuming an improved diet, including adopting the Mediterranean Diet (MD), may promote healthy aging. We explored older adults' and healthcare professionals' (HCPs) perspectives of the MD, gut health, and microbiome for their role in healthy aging.

DESIGN

Phenomenological qualitative.

SETTING

Community-dwelling older adults and HCPs in primary and secondary care in Ireland.

PARTICIPANTS

Older adults (aged 55 + years), recruited through social, retirement and disease-support groups. HCPs recruited through researcher networks and professional associations.

MEASUREMENTS

Semi-structured 1:1 interviews and focus groups (FGs) conducted remotely with older adults and HCPs separately. Interviews/FGs were recorded, transcribed, and coded using inductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Forty-seven older adults were recruited (50% male; 49% aged 60-69 years; 28% 70 +), and 26 HCPs including dietitians ( = 8); geriatricians ( = 6); clinical therapists ( = 4); nurses, pharmacists, catering managers, and meal-delivery service coordinators ( = 2 each). Older adults considered the MD "," good for cardiovascular health and longevity, but with accessibility and acceptability challenges (increased salads/fish, different food environments, socio-cultural differences). HCPs felt the MD is included in healthy eating advice, but not overtly, mostly through the promotion of mixed-fiber intake. Older adults considered "live" yogurt and probiotics, and to a lesser extent fiber, to maintain a "healthy gut," suggesting the gut has " cognitive and digestive health. Overall, microbiota-health effects were considered " among most older adults, but becoming more topical among both professionals and the public with advancing scientific communication.

CONCLUSION

While "gut health" was considered important, specific effects of the MD on gut microbiota, and the significance of this for healthy aging, was under-recognized. Future efforts should explain the importance to older adults of maintaining the gut microbiota through diet, while appreciating perspectives of probiotic products and supplements.