Moisey Lesley L, A Campbell Karen, Whitmore Carly, Jack Susan M
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2022 Apr;35(2):376-387. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12989. Epub 2022 Jan 23.
Applied health research methods are evolving to meet the demands of increasingly complex health research needs. Qualitative health research, focused on individual perspectives of health, wellness, illness and recovery, has emerged as a unique discipline of this field. With distinct foci, methods and rules, qualitative health research has the potential to answer applied health research questions to inform practice, education and policy. Despite this potential, there are challenges to the application of qualitative health research methods in nutrition and dietetics research. These include limited training and mentorship availability for the rigorous application of these methods, as well as misaligned goals between the traditional social science-based qualitative approaches and emerging applied nutrition science needs. Recognising these limitations, this review aims to provide guidance to the nutrition scientist conducting applied qualitative health research. Using nutrition and dietetic examples from the literature, this review defines qualitative health research and advances the Emphasis-Purposeful sample-Phenomenon of interest-Context (EPPiC) framework as a tool for constructing structured overarching research questions and introduces four qualitative health research designs (qualitative description, interpretive description, case study and focused ethnography) relevant to applied nutrition science. This includes guidance on defining the sample, identifying strategies for data collection, analytic techniques and data reporting.
应用健康研究方法正在不断发展，以满足日益复杂的健康研究需求。定性健康研究聚焦于健康、 wellness、疾病和康复的个体视角，已成为该领域一门独特的学科。定性健康研究有其独特的重点、方法和规则，有潜力回答应用健康研究问题，为实践、教育和政策提供信息。尽管有这种潜力，但在营养与饮食学研究中应用定性健康研究方法仍存在挑战。这些挑战包括严格应用这些方法的培训和指导有限，以及传统基于社会科学的定性方法与新兴的应用营养科学需求之间目标不一致。认识到这些局限性，本综述旨在为从事应用定性健康研究的营养科学家提供指导。通过文献中的营养与饮食学实例，本综述定义了定性健康研究，并推进了重点 - 有目的样本 - 感兴趣现象 - 背景（EPPiC）框架，作为构建结构化总体研究问题的工具，并介绍了与应用营养科学相关的四种定性健康研究设计（定性描述、解释性描述、案例研究和聚焦人种志）。这包括关于定义样本、确定数据收集策略、分析技术和数据报告的指导。
