Alyami Mahadi B, Alshehri Abdulaziz A, Alzaidi Mohammed A, Asiri Abdullah F, Fatani Murad O, Alahmadi Abdulrazaq H, Alnefaie Ziyad, Hamoda Taha A
Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU.
Urology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2023 Jan 9;15(1):e33539. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33539. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Objectives Nephrolithiasis is a common disease, and Saudi Arabia is among the countries with the highest prevalence of nephrolithiasis. Obesity is one of the risk factors associated with the increased formation of renal calculi. We aimed to assess whether obesity also increases the recurrence rate of nephrolithiasis. Methods We retrospectively identified and collected data of 283 adult patients with renal stones who were managed at our hospital from November 2018 to November 2021. The demographic information, comorbidities, stone burden, and treatment methods related to them were identified, collected, and analyzed. Moreover, we performed the chi-squared test (χ2) and multivariate logistic regression analysis in order to assess the risk factors (i.e., independent predictors) of recurrence among the studied patients. Additionally, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated at a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. A -value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of the 283 adult patients we analyzed, 35 did not meet the criteria of our study and, consequently, were excluded. Therefore, we ended up with 248 patients, of whom 179 (68.1%) were males, 131 (52.8%) had a previous history of renal stones, and 90 (36.3%) had chronic illnesses. Moreover, the mean age of the studied patients was 48.91 ± 14.51 years, and the mean BMI was 29.44 ± 6.1 kg/m. It was found that most of the patients (35.5%) had only one stone, while 23.4% of them had more than 5 stones. Furthermore, the majority of the stones (35.9%) were medium size (with a stone diameter of 10-19 mm [1-1.9 cm]). We did not find a relationship between obesity and the recurrence rate of renal stones. However, there was a significant association ( < 0.05) between the recurrence rate and Saudi nationality, chronic diseases (more specifically, HTN), unilateral stones, and a stone diameter of 10-19 mm (1-1.9 cm). Additionally, we identified diabetes and the kidney as stone location factors that are associated with less recurrence. Conclusion Although obesity was reported to increase the risk of renal stone formation, we did not find it to be associated with an increased recurrent rate of the disease in the Saudi Arabian population, which is inconsistent with other studies conducted in this area in other countries. Therefore, larger studies are needed to prove this finding.
目的 肾结石是一种常见疾病，沙特阿拉伯是肾结石患病率最高的国家之一。肥胖是与肾结石形成增加相关的风险因素之一。我们旨在评估肥胖是否也会增加肾结石的复发率。方法 我们回顾性地识别并收集了2018年11月至2021年11月在我院接受治疗的283例成年肾结石患者的数据。确定、收集并分析了与他们相关的人口统计学信息、合并症、结石负荷和治疗方法。此外，我们进行了卡方检验（χ2）和多因素逻辑回归分析，以评估研究患者中复发的风险因素（即独立预测因素）。此外，计算了95%置信区间（CI）的比值比（OR）。P值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。结果 在我们分析的283例成年患者中，35例不符合我们的研究标准，因此被排除。因此，我们最终得到248例患者，其中179例（68.1%）为男性，131例（52.8%）有肾结石病史，90例（36.3%）患有慢性疾病。此外，研究患者的平均年龄为48.91±14.51岁，平均BMI为29.44±6.1kg/m。发现大多数患者（35.5%）只有一颗结石，而23.4%的患者有5颗以上结石。此外，大多数结石（35.9%）为中等大小（结石直径为10 - 19mm[1 - 1.9cm]）。我们未发现肥胖与肾结石复发率之间存在关联。然而，复发率与沙特国籍、慢性疾病（更具体地说，高血压）、单侧结石以及结石直径为10 - 19mm（1 - 1.9cm）之间存在显著关联（P<0.05）。此外，我们确定糖尿病和结石位于肾脏是与复发较少相关的因素。结论 尽管据报道肥胖会增加肾结石形成的风险，但我们未发现其与沙特阿拉伯人群中该疾病的复发率增加相关，这与在其他国家该领域进行的其他研究不一致。因此，需要更大规模的研究来证实这一发现。
