Wolaita Zone Health Department, Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Southern Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2023 Feb 13;18(2):e0280571. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280571. eCollection 2023.
Human immunodeficiency virus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact with an infected partner and babies born to mothers infected with the virus. Partners of people living with HIV and children whose parents have HIV are at higher risk of contracting HIV unless they take preventive measures. This study aimed at identifying prevalence and determinants of HIV infection among family members of index cases on antiretroviral treatment (ART).
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 623 randomly selected family members of HIV index cases in Sodo Town from February to June 2021. A pre-tested structural questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression was used to identify variables independently associated with the outcome variable. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to show the strength of association, and a P-value 0.05 was used as a cut-off point to determine the level of statistical significance of point estimate.
This study revealed that 31.5% (95%CI: 27.6-35.2%) of family members of index cases were HIV seropositive. In subgroup analysis, this study also revealed that 11.1% (95%CI 8.4-14.5%) of biological children and 69.6% (95%CI 63.1-75.6%) of spousal partners of index cases were HIV seropositive. Immediate ART initiation of index cases (AOR = 0.148, 95%CI: 0.067-0.325), being bedridden or ambulatory functional status at enrollment (AOR = 7.71, 95%CI: 3.5-17), and baseline CD4 level of 350 cells/ml (AOR = 8.06, 95%CI: 1.8-36) were statistically significant with the outcome variable among biological children. Among spousal partners, STI history or symptoms (AOR = 5.7, 95%CI: 1.86-17.5), early disclosure (AOR = 0.062, 95%CI: 0.024-0.159), immediate ART initiation (AOR = 0.172, 95%CI: 0.044-0.675), and duration of infection (AOR = 5.09, 95%CI: 1.8-14.4) were statistically associated with the outcome variable.
As evidenced by our data, the risk of HIV among family members of index cases is high. Interventions like immediate ART initiation, early disclosure, screening, and early treatment of STIs for minimizing HIV transmission might be given.
人类免疫缺陷病毒主要通过与受感染伴侣的性接触以及受感染母亲所生婴儿传播。艾滋病毒感染者的伴侣和父母患有艾滋病毒的儿童如果不采取预防措施，感染艾滋病毒的风险更高。本研究旨在确定在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）的艾滋病毒指标病例的家庭成员中艾滋病毒感染的流行率和决定因素。
2021 年 2 月至 6 月，在索多镇对 623 名随机选择的艾滋病毒指标病例的家庭成员进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。使用经过预测试的结构问卷收集数据。使用二元逻辑回归来确定与结局变量独立相关的变量。使用调整后的优势比（AOR）和 95%置信区间（CI）来表示关联的强度，使用 P 值 0.05 作为截断值来确定点估计的统计学显著性水平。
本研究显示，31.5%（95%CI：27.6-35.2%）的指标病例家庭成员艾滋病毒血清阳性。在亚组分析中，本研究还显示，11.1%（95%CI 8.4-14.5%）的亲生子女和 69.6%（95%CI 63.1-75.6%）的指标病例配偶艾滋病毒血清阳性。指标病例立即开始接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（AOR = 0.148，95%CI：0.067-0.325）、入组时卧床或行动能力状态（AOR = 7.71，95%CI：3.5-17）以及基线 CD4 水平为 350 个细胞/ml（AOR = 8.06，95%CI：1.8-36）与亲生子女的结局变量有统计学意义。在配偶伴侣中，性传播感染史或症状（AOR = 5.7，95%CI：1.86-17.5）、早期披露（AOR = 0.062，95%CI：0.024-0.159）、立即开始接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（AOR = 0.172，95%CI：0.044-0.675）和感染持续时间（AOR = 5.09，95%CI：1.8-14.4）与结局变量有统计学关联。
我们的数据表明，指标病例家庭成员感染艾滋病毒的风险很高。可能会采取一些干预措施，如立即开始抗逆转录病毒治疗、早期披露、性传播感染筛查和早期治疗，以尽量减少艾滋病毒的传播。
