Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, The University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Hum Mov Sci. 2023 Apr;88:103067. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103067. Epub 2023 Feb 13.
This study examined the effect of psychostimulant medications nPS) on balance and functional motor performance in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Participants completed two sessions (off-medication and on-medication) in a within-subjects repeated-measure study design. There was a minimum of seven days between the two sessions. During both sessions, participants stood for 30 s per condition on a force platform. The conditions were: feet-apart with 1) eyes-open and 2) eyes-closed; feet-together with 3) eyes-open and 4) eyes-closed. Participants performed three trials of timed up and go (TUG) and lateral step-up test (LSUT) during both sessions. Outcome measures were sway area (SA [cm]), average sway velocity (SV [cm/s]), TUG average time (s), and average number of LSUT repetitions. Data were analyzed using multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance and paired t-tests for examining PS effects on balance (SA and SV) and functional motor performance (TUG and LSUT), respectively.
The sample included 45 adults (35 females; mean age = 28.4 ± 6.3 years). The repeated-measures MANOVA indicated that PS was associated with better SA [F(1,44) = 9.6; p = 0.003;η = 0.18] but not with SV [F(1,44) = 1.0; p = 0.319;η = 0.02]. PS was associated with significantly better SA with decreasing base-of-support [F(1,44) = 9.9; p = 0.003;η = 0.18]. Additionally, PS use was associated with better TUG [t(1,44) = 2.65; p = 0.014;Cohen's d = 0.39] but not LSUT performances [t(1,44) = -0.68; p = 0.499;Cohen's d = -0.10].
PS was associated with better SA and TUG in adults with ADHD. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of PS on balance performance using rigorous designs in this population.
Healthcare providers should screen for PS status and balance when treating adults with ADHD to enhance safe motor performance.
本研究旨在探讨精神兴奋剂药物（nPS）对注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）成人平衡和功能性运动表现的影响。
参与者在一项within-subjects 重复测量研究设计中完成了两次测试（停药期和用药期）。两次测试之间至少间隔七天。在两次测试中，参与者在力平台上每种条件下各站立 30 秒。条件为：双脚分开，分别为 1）睁眼和 2）闭眼；双脚并拢，分别为 3）睁眼和 4）闭眼。在两次测试中，参与者均完成三次计时起坐（TUG）和侧步上梯（LSUT）测试。测量指标为：摆动面积（SA [cm]）、平均摆动速度（SV [cm/s]）、TUG 平均时间（s）和 LSUT 平均重复次数。使用多元重复测量方差分析和配对 t 检验分别分析 PS 对平衡（SA 和 SV）和功能性运动表现（TUG 和 LSUT）的影响。
样本包括 45 名成年人（35 名女性；平均年龄 28.4 ± 6.3 岁）。重复测量 MANOVA 表明，PS 与更好的 SA [F(1,44) = 9.6；p = 0.003；η = 0.18]相关，但与 SV 无关 [F(1,44) = 1.0；p = 0.319；η = 0.02]。PS 与随着支撑基础减小而 SA 显著改善相关 [F(1,44) = 9.9；p = 0.003；η = 0.18]。此外，PS 使用与更好的 TUG 相关 [t(1,44) = 2.65；p = 0.014；Cohen's d = 0.39]，但与 LSUT 表现无关 [t(1,44) = -0.68；p = 0.499；Cohen's d = -0.10]。
PS 与 ADHD 成人的 SA 和 TUG 改善相关。需要进一步的研究来使用严格的设计来调查 PS 对该人群平衡表现的影响。
在治疗 ADHD 成人时，医疗保健提供者应筛查 PS 状态和平衡，以增强安全的运动表现。
