Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2022 Nov-Dec;34(7-8):727-735. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2106121. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness associated with alterations in brain organization. Neuroimaging studies have generated a large body of knowledge regarding brain morphological and functional abnormalities in BD. Current advances in the field have focussed on the need for more precise neuroimaging biomarkers. Here we present a selective overview of precision neuroimaging biomarkers for BD, focussing on personalized metrics and novel neuroimaging methods aiming to provide mechanistic insights into the brain alterations associated with BD. The evidence presented covers (a) machine learning techniques applied to neuroimaging data to differentiate patients with BD from healthy individuals or other clinical groups; (b) the 'brain-age-gap-estimation (brainAGE), which is an individualized measure of brain health; (c) diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) techniques that open new opportunities to measure microstructural changes in neurite/synaptic integrity and function.
双相障碍（BD）是一种严重的精神疾病，与大脑组织的改变有关。神经影像学研究已经产生了大量关于 BD 中大脑形态和功能异常的知识。该领域的当前进展侧重于对更精确的神经影像学生物标志物的需求。在这里，我们对 BD 的精确神经影像学生物标志物进行了选择性概述，重点介绍了个性化指标和新的神经影像学方法，旨在深入了解与 BD 相关的大脑改变的机制。所提出的证据涵盖了：（a）应用于神经影像学数据以将 BD 患者与健康个体或其他临床群体区分开来的机器学习技术；（b）“大脑年龄差距估计值（brainAGE）”，这是大脑健康的个体指标；（c）弥散峰度成像（DKI）、神经丝取向分散和密度成像（NODDI）和正电子发射断层扫描（PET）技术，为测量神经丝/突触完整性和功能的微观结构变化提供了新的机会。
