Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
Virology and Serology Division, New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
Rev Med Virol. 2023 Mar;33(2):e2429. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2429. Epub 2023 Feb 15.
Among the environmental factors associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), viral infections of the gut and pancreas has been investigated most intensely, identifying enterovirus infections as the prime candidate trigger of islet autoimmunity (IA) and T1D development. However, the association between respiratory tract infections (RTI) and IA/T1D is comparatively less known. While there are significant amounts of epidemiological evidence supporting the role of respiratory infections in T1D, there remains a paucity of data characterising infectious agents at the molecular level. This gap in the literature precludes the identification of the specific infectious agents driving the association between RTI and T1D. Furthermore, the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on the development of IA/T1D remains undeciphered. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence to date, implicating RTIs (viral and non-viral) as potential risk factors for IA/T1D.
在与 1 型糖尿病（T1D）相关的环境因素中，肠道和胰腺的病毒感染受到了最深入的研究，确定肠道病毒感染是胰岛自身免疫（IA）和 T1D 发展的主要候选触发因素。然而，呼吸道感染（RTI）与 IA/T1D 之间的关联相对较少被人所知。尽管有大量的流行病学证据支持呼吸道感染在 T1D 中的作用，但在分子水平上描述感染因子的数据仍然很少。文献中的这一空白使得无法确定驱动 RTI 和 T1D 之间关联的特定感染因子。此外，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）感染对 IA/T1D 发展的影响仍未被破解。在这里，我们提供了迄今为止的证据的全面概述，表明 RTI（病毒和非病毒）可能是 IA/T1D 的危险因素。
