Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
Soft Matter. 2023 Mar 1;19(9):1675-1694. doi: 10.1039/d2sm01447e.
The development of top-down active control over bottom-up colloidal assembly processes has the potential to produce materials, surfaces, and objects with applications in a wide range of fields spanning from computing to materials science to biomedical engineering. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the field using a taxonomy based on how active control is used to guide assembly. We find there are three distinct scenarios: (1) navigating kinetic pathways to reach a desirable equilibrium state, (2) the creation of a desirable metastable, kinetically trapped, or kinetically arrested state, and (3) the creation of a desirable far-from-equilibrium state through continuous energy input. We review seminal works within this framework, provide a summary of important application areas, and present a brief introduction to the fundamental concepts of control theory that are necessary for the soft materials community to understand this literature. In addition, we outline current and potential future applications of actively-controlled colloidal systems, and we highlight important open questions and future directions.
自上而下的主动控制对自下而上的胶体组装过程的发展具有产生材料、表面和物体的潜力，这些材料、表面和物体的应用范围广泛，涵盖从计算到材料科学到生物医学工程等多个领域。在这篇综述中，我们使用基于主动控制如何用于指导组装的分类法总结了该领域的最新进展。我们发现有三种不同的情况：(1) 导航动力学途径以达到理想的平衡状态，(2) 创建理想的亚稳、动力学捕获或动力学捕获状态，以及 (3) 通过连续能量输入创建理想的远离平衡状态。我们在这个框架内回顾了开创性的工作，提供了重要应用领域的摘要，并简要介绍了控制理论的基本概念，这些概念是软物质界理解这一文献所必需的。此外，我们概述了主动控制胶体系统的当前和潜在未来应用，并强调了重要的开放性问题和未来方向。
